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1860 Election Results Secession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860 Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861 Ft. Sumter The Union and Confederacy in 1861 Border States-”I hope to have God on my side, but I have to have Kentucky”-A. Lincoln • • • • “I think to lose Kentucky is nearly the same to lose the whole game. Kentucky gone, and we cannot hold Missouri, nor, I think Maryland. These all against us, and the job on our hands I too large for us. We would as well consent to separation at once, including the surrender of this capital [Washington}.-Abraham Lincoln • • Remained in the Union because the North did not start the war. Sent 300,000 soldiers to Union Army Mountain whites sent 50,000 soldiers to Union Army West Virginia left Virginia in mid-1861 to join Union (large mountain white pop.) Border states contained over 50% of the South’s white pop., fewest # of slaves. Border states contained 50% of South’s mules and horses, and most of its manufacturuing. Immigrants as a % of a State’s Population in 1860 North v. South at the Beginning North South Advantages ? ? Disadvantages ? ? Men Present for Duty in the Civil War Rating the North & the South Resources: North & the South Railroad Lines, 1860 Foreign Intervention? The Confederacy’s Hope The Trent Affair-1861 The Laird Rams-1863 Confederate Commerce Raiders-C.S.S. Alabama Lincoln vs. Davis Lincoln’s “Temporary Cures” The Blockade Upped size of the army with out Congress’ permission Paid 2 million to private citizens for weapons without Congressional approval Suspened habeas corpus, defying Supreme Court “Supervised” voting in border states. New York Draft Riots-1863 Other Draft Issues: •Exemptions •Substitutions-$300 •Bounties Northern Economic Change Increased Excises taxes First income tax ever! Morrill Tariff Act Greenbacks! (paper money) National Banking System Justin Morrill The Northern Economic Boom Manufacturing booms New Millionaire class War Profiteering New technology Bumper crops in the west! The Homestead Act of 1862 •160 Acres of free land west of the Mississippi •Law had been resisted by Southerners in Congress; they didn’t want Free Soilers settling the West •Law passed easily now that Southerners were gone. Women and the Civil War •US Sanitary Commission-trained nurses, set up hospitals, collected supplies •Clara Barton-creates system of modern nursing •Dorothea Dix-Superintendent of Nurses •Increased economic opportunities as men went to war •“Government Girls” •One in three industrial workers female by war’s end-mostly in textile industry Clara Barton Overview of Civil War Strategy: “Anaconda” Plan Main Thrusts, 1861–1865 War in the East: 1861-1862 Gen. George McClellan General Robert E. Lee Battle of Antietam-Sept. 1862 •One of the Civil War’s most decisive battles. Why? Burnside Bridge The Killing Fields of Antietam The Killing Fields of Antietam Emancipation ProclamationJanuary 1, 1863-Why? •Needed a Union Victory to justify it •Gives the war new meaning-not just about Union anymore •Makes intervention by France and England almost impossible. Why? •Has big consequences in the North and South. What are they? Ironclads-March 1862 The Monitor vs. The Virginia Emancipation in 1863 The Southern View of Emancipation African-Americans in Civil War Battles A Bit of History: The Contraband, the Recruit, the Veteran-by Thomas Waterman, 1865-1866 Contraband The Mississippi River 1862–1863 General Ulysses S. Grant The War in the West, 1863: Vicksburg The Road to Gettysburg, 1863 The Battle of Gettysburg, 1863 The Battle of Gettysburg, 1863 The Battle of Gettysburg, 1863 Gettysburg Casualties The Progress of War: 18611865 The Election of 1864 The Democrats The Union Party The Election of 1864 vs Lincoln (Union Party) McClellan (Democrats) The Election of 1864 The Election of 1864 The Election of 1864 1864-1865-The Final Phase Sherman’s March to the Sea 1864-1865-The Final Phase Sherman’s March to the Sea 1864-1865-The Final Phase Grant in Virginia The Burning of Richmond, April 1865 1864-1865-The Final Phase Lee Surrenders at Appomattox-April 9, 1865 1864-1865-The Final Phase Lee Surrenders at Appomattox-April 9, 1865 Casualties on Both Sides Civil War Casualties in Comparison to Other Wars President Johnson