Download The U.S. Civil War

The U.S. Civil War
Chapter 11
AL COS

Describe how the Civil War influenced the United States, including
the Anaconda Plan and the major battles of Bull Run, Antietam,
Vicksburg, and Gettysburg and Sherman’s March to the Sea. [A.1.a.,
A.1.b., A.1.c., A.1.d., A.1.e., A.1.i., A.1.k.]
◦ Identifying key Northern and Southern Civil War personalities, including
Abraham Lincoln, Jefferson Davis, Ulysses S. Grant, Robert E. Lee, Thomas
Jonathan “Stonewall” Jackson, and William Tecumseh Sherman

Example: President Abraham Lincoln’s philosophy of union, executive orders, and leadership
◦ Analyzing the impact of the division of the nation during the Civil War regarding
resources, population distribution, and transportation
◦ Explaining reasons border states remained in the Union during the Civil War
◦ Describing nonmilitary events and life during the Civil War, including the
Homestead Act, the Morrill Act, Northern draft riots, the Emancipation
Proclamation, and the Gettysburg Address
◦ Describing the role of women in American society during the Civil War, including
efforts made by Elizabeth Blackwell and Clara Barton
◦ Tracing Alabama’s involvement in the Civil War
Ch 11 Vocab – Have all defined by D3
Fort Sumter, Anaconda Plan, Thomas “Stonewall”
Jackson, David Farragut, U.S. Grant, Bull Run, George
McClellan, R.E. Lee, Shiloh, Antietam, Monitor,
Merrimack
 Emancipation Proclamation, Habeus Corpus,
Copperheads, Conscription
 Clara Barton, Andersonville, Ft. Pillow, Income Tax
 Gettysburg, Gettysburg Address, Chancellorsville,
Vicksburg, William T. Sherman, Appomattox Courthouse
 Thirteenth Amendment, Red Cross, National Bank Act,
John W. Booth
•
Day 1 Ft. Sumter + Strategy

Quote: “Study makes men wise. Athletics makes men strong.
Character makes men great.”

Cliff Hare
DQ’s
◦ What caused the Civil War?
◦ What events preceded the war?
◦ What were the military goals/ strategies of the North & South?
◦ How did the Southern strategy compare with that during the American
Revolution?

In-class
◦ Notes Sl 1-11
Succession

Feb.1861

After Apr.
1861Through 1865
Fort Sumter
On April 12, 1861 the South Carolina militia
opened fire on Fort Sumter, which was a federal
fort still occupied by U.S. troops.
 The Fort fell in 34 hours
 No casualties
 The South’s firing upon and taking Ft. Sumter
made war between the North and the South
inevitable.

Ft. Sumter Response
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After Ft. Sumter Both Lincoln and Davis called for
volunteers
Lincoln calls for 75,000 volunteers to put down
this rebellion.
Davis calls for 100,000 to defend the South
As a result Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and
North Carolina joined the Confederacy.
Nationalism was stirred up in both the north and
the south.
Secession Map
U.S. v. Confederacy

Goals of each side
◦ The goal of the South: defend its independence
◦ The goal of the North: restore the union by force

Ideology
◦ The North saw the Declaration of independence as
the supreme document of the land
◦ The South saw the Constitution as the supreme
document of the land.
◦ Why? – The Constitution backed and protected
slavery. The DOI said “All men are created equal”,
which contradicted slavery.
Strategy

The North’s three pronged strategy
◦ Blockade Confederate ports to ruin its
economy
◦ Invade the South and split It in half
◦ Capture Confederate Capital @Richmond
The South’s strategy
 Hold out against Northern attacks
 Fight a defensive war and defend its right be a
separate country.
Day 2 - Advantages, Imp. PPL, & Typical
soldier

Trivia: - Which U.S. state was admitted to the U.S. in 1863 after it split from
another state because it wanted to stay in the Union, while the other state succeeded
and joined the Confederacy? Why?

D.Q.’s
◦ What advantages (Disadvantages) did the South have? North?
◦ Who was R.E. Lee and why did he choose the Confederacy?
◦ Who were other significant people for the Union and Confederacy?
◦ What were some typical C.W. soldier characteristics

In Class Schedule
◦ Notes Sl 11-21
North v. South
North’s advantages
 The North had an extreme advantage in resources.
 More population, manufacturing plants, merchant ships, miles
of railroad tracks, banks, minerals grains crops and meat.
South’ s advantages
 The South’s biggest advantage was its leadership of officers
in the army. Most of these officers attended West Point, were
top officers in the U.S. Army, but resigned to fight for the
Confederacy
Economic Resources
Railroad Lines, 1860
Important Confederate leaders
Jefferson Davis
 R.E. Lee
 Thomas Stonewall Jackson
 A.P. Hill
 James Longstreet
 Jeb Stuart

The Confederate Generals
“Stonewall” Jackson
Nathan Bedford
Forrest
George Pickett
Jeb Stuart
James Longstreet
Robert E. Lee
Important Union leaders
Abraham Lincoln
 U.S. Grant
 George Meade
 George McClellan
 Joshua Chamberlain

Lincoln’s Generals
Winfield Scott
Irwin McDowell
George McClellan
Joseph Hooker
Ambrose Burnside
Ulysses S. Grant
George Meade
George McClellan,
Again!
The War
The Average Soldier
Day 3 Life of soldiers + battle field
medicine

Quote - “The great thing about thoughts is that you can always
change your mind. With words you can never take them back”

D.Q.’s
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What were the characteristics of the average Civil War soldier?
What did the average C.W. soldier eat, wear & carry?
What was life like for soldiers on the battlefield?
How was the Civil War fought?
In class schedule
◦ Notes SL.19-31
The Average Soldier
They were old and
young, but mostly
young…
 “Rich Man’s war,
Poor Man’s fight”

Civil War Military structure
Why They Fought
What They Carried
What They Wore
What They Ate
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Salt pork, bacon, or beef
Soft bread, flour,
cornmeal, or hardtack
Beans or peas
Rice or hominy
Coffee
Tea
Sugar
Vinegar
Molasses
Where They Slept
How they Communicated
Soldiers received news from
multiple sources. Rumors
were rampant and often
magnified as soldiers wrote
those rumors home.
Newspapers were a great
trade item, being passed
across enemies picket lines
and traded back and forth.
Soldiers were always eager
for news North or South.
When They Weren’t Fighting
“first thing in the morning is
drill, then drill, then drill
again. Then drill, drill, a little
more drill. Then drill and lastly
drill. Between drills, we
drill….”
– Union Soldier
Life and Death
Disease and Hygiene
• Everyone and
everything smelled
during the Civil War.
• Diarrhea was the
greatest killer during
the Civil War.
• Of the more than
620,000 soldiers
who died in the war,
more than 400,000
died of sickness and
disease.
Life and Death
Weapons technology – The rifled musket killed more soldiers
than anything else, except disease. It’s effects also created
wounds that were difficult to treat
Life and Death
When a battle took place, every structure, house, barn, yard and field, could
become a hospital…..
Life and Death
About 2.75 million soldiers
fought in the Civil War.
More than 620,000 men died
in the war, with disease killing
twice as many as those lost in
battle.
"You have given your boys to die
for their country. Now you can
give your girls to nurse them.”
-Nurse Mary Stinebaugh
Day 4 Battle location, Important
battles + weapons used
• D.Q.’S
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◦
•
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What were the most important weapons used?
How did the military use new technology
Where were most important C.W. battles fought?
What were some things that were consistent in all of them?
• In-class
• Notes 31-40
Memories of the War
For those who survived,
memories of the war were a
part of their everyday life.
Where Battles Happen
Six Reasons Why Battles
Happened in Certain Places
1.
2.
3.
Road Networks
Railroad Networks
Importance of the Area
◦ Example: The area between Richmond,VA and
Washington, DC
4.
5.
6.
Waterways
Topography or Lay of the Land
Reliable Intelligence
Early Victories by the Confederacy
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Early Victories (61, 62, and 63) by the Confederate forces at
Bull Run, Seven Day’s battle, Chancellorsville, Fredericksburg
caused Lincoln to change the leadership of union army many
times.
These early victories also gave momentum to the
Confederate cause, which crushed the idea of the North that
this would be a quick and easy war.
Although it had quite a few early victories, the CSA insisted
on fighting a defensive war and would not invade the Union.
Stonewall Jackson said after Bull Run “Give me 10,000 fresh
troops and I will be in Washington tomorrow”.
Had they invade they could have changed the course of the
war.
Battle of Bull Run
(1st Manassas)
July, 1861
The Battle of the Ironclads,
March, 1862
The Monitor vs.
the Merrimac
Significant victories by the Union
Most of the Union Victories came in the
West and when The Confederacy finally
invaded the North.
 Important victories by Union forcesAntietam, Gettysburg (East) – Shiloh,
Vicksburg, Chattanooga, Ft. Henry and Ft.
Donellson

War in the East: 1861-1862
Battle of Antietam
“Bloodiest Single Day of the War”
September 17, 1862
23,000 casualties
Civil War Technology
Day 5 Gettysburg, Vicksburg

Quote
◦ “Who you are is more important than what you do” Joe
Anderson

D.Q.’S
◦ Why was Gettysburg such an strategic and important battle?
◦ What were some other important battles in the East?
◦ Why was Vicksburg such an strategic and important battle?

In class schedule
◦ Notes 41 – 50
Gettysburg
The battle was a turning point in the war.
 During this battle 23,000 union soldiers
died while 28,000 Confederate soldiers
died.
 After 3 days of fighting Union forces
prevailed.
 The loss of life for an under populated
South proved to be more than it could
overcome

The Road to Gettysburg:
1863
The War in
the West,
1863:
Vicksburg
Vicksburg
Grant captures Vicksburg by surrounding
and choking off the city.
 By defeating Confederate forces at
Vicksburg he gave the North a very
strategic victory.
 The North could now control traffic
along the Mississippi River and could split
the south into thirds.

Images from Vicksburg
Day 6 Significance of Gettysburg
Address +politics

Quote “You have to be a champion before you can win a
championship” Nick Saban
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D.Q.’s
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What effect did the emancipation proclamation have on the war?
Why is the Gettysburg Address such an iconic speech?
Why didn’t Lincoln free all slaves?
How was this a political move?
In Class
◦ View and read the emancipation Proclamation Gettysburg Address (1863).
Gettysburg Address
Gettysburg Address by President Lincoln.
 1863
 One of the most iconic speeches in
American history.

◦ Why?
Slavery Politics
Britain was an important player in the
Civil War
 The South hoped to convince Britain to
support its cause

◦ Why? The American South was Britain’s
number 1 cotton supplier.
◦ To limit the growing power of the U.S.
◦ The Trent Affair
The
Emancipation
Proclamation
More slavery politics
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Emancipation Proclamation
On September 22, 1862 Lincoln issued the emancipation
proclamation, which ordered slaves of the Confederacy to be freed.
Effects of the Emancipation Proclamation
Lincoln’s Position: He had not intended to interfere with slavery in
the South. He did not want it to extent into the territories.
Lincoln was under a lot of pressure. As the number of dead
increased Northerners pushed to destroy slavery.
The Proclamation Renews Spirit: After the Emancipation
Proclamation the war became a moral war and revitalized the
North.
◦ African Americans volunteered for the army
◦ did not apply in border states or already states conquered.
Day 7 Ending the War, Sherman’s March

“I have poured my heart and soul into my
work and lost my mind in the process” Vincent
Van Goh

Dq’ s:
What did Lincoln say in his 2nd Inaugural address? What new
Union strategy helped end the War? What was Sherman’s March?

In Class
◦ Notes 51 – 60
Ending the War
March 1864 Lincoln put Grant in
command of all of the Union forces.
 Grant determined to win the war he
would have to engage in “total war” –
war against civilians and resources as well
as armies.

Grant moves to the East
Grant and Lee fought continuously from
May to June 1864.
 At the Battle of the Wilderness Lee
defeated Grant but Grant continued to
follow and attack Lee.

Towards the end of the war
In less than a month, Union forces had lost
more men than were in Lee’s entire army.
Grant knew he could replace them.
 Lee retreated to VA and Grant surrounded
Richmond (their capital).
 Lee tried to divert the Union forces by
directing Gen. Early to move on Washington
D.C.
 Grant sent the cavalry who drove them
from the area.

Sherman’s March
May 1864 Ger. Sherman and 100,000 troops in
Chattanooga were ordered to engage and destroy
the Confederate army.
 Confederates retreated toward Atlanta which
Sherman captured and occupied for 3 months.
 He then starts his infamous march to the sea

Sherman’s march to the Sea Cont.
When he left he destroyed the city –
blamed Southerners for not ending war
 His troops headed south living off the
land and destroying everything else.
 December 20, 1864 he entered Savannah.
He continued, heading north into the
Carolinas.

The election of 1864
Lincoln wins the election of 1864 “With
Malice toward None”:
 In Lincolns second Inaugural Address he
stated he hoped to have peace without
bitterness.
 He ordered his generals to give the
Southern army’s the most liberal of
surrender terms.
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Course of the war 1861-1865
Day 8 Appomattox, Lincoln’s
Assassination
Quote
 D.Q.’S
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How did Grant “capture” the Army of Northern Virginia?
How did the C.W. end?
Who assassinated President Lincoln and why?
What were the effects of this act?
In Class
◦ Notes sl 61
Appomattox
The Final Days: March 1865 Lee informs
Davis he could no longer hold Richmond.
 The government fled south and Lee’s
army evacuated the city.

Appomattox
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Lee Surrenders: Grant intercepts Lee’s
troops trying to unite with troops. Grant
pressed Lee to surrender to prevent
further deaths.
They met at Appomattox Court House –
Grant offered generous terms.
Union soldiers treated Confederate
soldiers with respect.
Lee Surrenders to Grant
Lincoln’s Assassination
Lincoln is Assassinated: April 14 1865
Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes
Booth.
 The results were devastating for both
sides, Lincoln was the best man to reunify
the country.

Ford’s Theater (April 14, 1865)
The Cost of the War