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THE CIVIL WAR Southern Victories Antietam Emancipation Proclamation Gettysburg Grant Appomattox Robert E. Lee of Virginia “Stonewall” Jackson Lee pushes North • Second Bull Run: Halleck replaced – McClellan. Lee and Jackson double attack • Antietam (Sept 17, 1862) McClellan – Back in charge – Lee goes deep into Maryland – 70,000 Union v. 40,000 Confederate – Bloodiest day in US Military history: 5,000 – Union wins slight victory – Lee escapes – Britain decides not to support Confederacy Emancipation Proclamation • Radical Republicans push for emancipation • Lincoln waits for a victory- Antietam • Proclamation Jan 1, 1863: “Slaves shall be – Forever Free.” • Black soldiers: 200,000 fight for Union • (Abe signs 13th Amendment: Jan 13, 65) • Democrats won in 1863 elections • Draft Riots: Conscription, Irish riots NY Lincoln at Antietam Black Troops: 4/5th freed slaves Confederate Victories • Fredericksburg (Dec 1862): Burnside • Chancellorsville (May 1863): Jackson dies • Gettysburg (July1-4, 1963) Pennsylvania • Big Northern Victory: Turning Point of War – Cemetery Ridge, Picket’s charge – Meade slow, Lee escapes over Potomac Lincoln Finds his General: Grant • Siege of Vicksburg (July 4, 1863) • Grant promoted: Chickamauga • Grant promoted to general in chief • South: economic and social chaos Ulysses S. Grant Atlanta Burns • William T. Sherman • “Total War:” burns path 60 x 120 miles • Atlanta falls (Sept 2, 1864) • Savannah falls (Dec 22, 1865) William T. Sherman Atlanta Columbia Union Victory • Grant pushed towards Richmond • Battle of the Wilderness • Lee cannot replace troops • Siege of Petersburg • Lincoln reelected against McClellan • Richmond falls: Lincoln visits • Appomattox: Lee and Grant meet – And sign treaty • Lincoln assassinated by Booth: 4/14/1865 Siege of Petersburg Appomattox Courthouse April 9, 1865 600,000 died in Civil War Results of the War • 600,200 die. More than all wars combined • 13 Amendment: slavery ended • One Nation, based on liberty & equality – United States “is,” not the United States “are” – End of state’s rights doctrine, nullification