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Chapter 22
War History – The Civil War
Battle of Bull Run - Manassas
• Lincoln didn’t
expect to fight after
Sumter
• This battle was to
demonstrate Union
superiority and
maybe even
capture the Capitol
• This war got the
North to realize
that they need to
prepare for this
war and that it’s
not going to be a
one-punch war
Battle of Bull Run – AKA Manassas
Union Strategy by Gen Winfield Scott
• 1) U.S. navy
blockade of
southern ports to
cut off essential
supplies
• 2) Divide the
confederacy in
two by taking
control of the
Mississippi River
• 3) Raise an army
of 500,000 to
take Richmond
(S. Capitol)
Union generals change from
McClellan to Pope
The Failure of King Cotton
• The South assumed that they would be able to
use Cotton for diplomacy because Britain was so
dependent on it.
• Britain had a large stock pile left over from the
year before, plus they were accessing India and
Egypt for their cotton.
• They didn’t want to help b/c Southern failure at
Antietam and b/c of the Emancipation
Proclamation, which the poor working class of
Britain supported.
Antietam
• General Robert E. Lee (Confed) decided to try to
take Maryland in the North. If so, maybe the foreign
powers would see him and decide to help the South
• War plans discovered
• Antietam Creek in Maryland and fought a bloody
fight. 22K dead
• A decisive battle b/c Britain and France were just
about to sign an alliance but backed off when they
saw the Union’s power
• Lincoln will also use this partial victory to announce
plans for the Emancipation Proclamation
Confiscation Act
• Early in the war,
Union General
Butler refused to
return captured
slaves to their
confederate owners,
arguing that they are
“contrabands of
war” (finders
keepers)
• This act states that
we have the power
to seize enemy
property used to
wage war against
the U.S.
• Contraband soldiers
Emancipation Proclamation
1/1/1863
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•
•
•
•
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Lincoln decides to free all
slaves in states that were in
rebellion against the U.S.
Encouraged border states
to come up with plans for
emancipating slaves with
compensation to the owner.
This applied only to slaves
residing outside Union
control – so it did not
immediately free a single
slave.
This proclamation now
changes the purpose of the
war to one of abolition (not
just secession and
rebellion)
Butternut soldiers in the
Union desert b/c they’re
pissed at Lincoln
Got African Americans to
enlist in the army
Surrender at Appomattox
• Union Gen. Grant
cornered Confed.
Gen. Lee at the
Appomattox
courthouse
• The union general
treated Lee with
respect and
allowed them to
return home with
their horses
Lincoln Shot