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Chapter 22 War History – The Civil War Battle of Bull Run - Manassas • Lincoln didn’t expect to fight after Sumter • This battle was to demonstrate Union superiority and maybe even capture the Capitol • This war got the North to realize that they need to prepare for this war and that it’s not going to be a one-punch war Battle of Bull Run – AKA Manassas Union Strategy by Gen Winfield Scott • 1) U.S. navy blockade of southern ports to cut off essential supplies • 2) Divide the confederacy in two by taking control of the Mississippi River • 3) Raise an army of 500,000 to take Richmond (S. Capitol) Union generals change from McClellan to Pope The Failure of King Cotton • The South assumed that they would be able to use Cotton for diplomacy because Britain was so dependent on it. • Britain had a large stock pile left over from the year before, plus they were accessing India and Egypt for their cotton. • They didn’t want to help b/c Southern failure at Antietam and b/c of the Emancipation Proclamation, which the poor working class of Britain supported. Antietam • General Robert E. Lee (Confed) decided to try to take Maryland in the North. If so, maybe the foreign powers would see him and decide to help the South • War plans discovered • Antietam Creek in Maryland and fought a bloody fight. 22K dead • A decisive battle b/c Britain and France were just about to sign an alliance but backed off when they saw the Union’s power • Lincoln will also use this partial victory to announce plans for the Emancipation Proclamation Confiscation Act • Early in the war, Union General Butler refused to return captured slaves to their confederate owners, arguing that they are “contrabands of war” (finders keepers) • This act states that we have the power to seize enemy property used to wage war against the U.S. • Contraband soldiers Emancipation Proclamation 1/1/1863 • • • • • • Lincoln decides to free all slaves in states that were in rebellion against the U.S. Encouraged border states to come up with plans for emancipating slaves with compensation to the owner. This applied only to slaves residing outside Union control – so it did not immediately free a single slave. This proclamation now changes the purpose of the war to one of abolition (not just secession and rebellion) Butternut soldiers in the Union desert b/c they’re pissed at Lincoln Got African Americans to enlist in the army Surrender at Appomattox • Union Gen. Grant cornered Confed. Gen. Lee at the Appomattox courthouse • The union general treated Lee with respect and allowed them to return home with their horses Lincoln Shot