Download Reconstruction Chapter 12

Reconstruction 1865-1877
 Reconstruction- period during which the U.S.
began to rebuild after the Civil War
 13th Amendment-1865

Abolished slavery
Plans for re-admission to the Union
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Lincoln’s Plan- 10% Plan
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Pardon all Confederate soldiers except Officers
and those accused of war crimes
Must swear allegiance to Union
10 % allegiance = New State Government

Send Reps to Congress
Plans for re-admission to the Union

Radical Republicans
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Destroy political power of former slave holders
African Americans full citizenship
Right to vote
Congressional Plan
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5 Military Districts
Granted African American men right to vote
Ratify 14th Amendment in order to re-enter
Union- citizenship
Plans for re-admission to the Union

Johnson’s Plan

Used Lincolns plan except

Excluded Officers and wealthy Plantation owners
from oath of allegiance for voting privileges
Northern Politics
 President Johnson v. Congress

Civil Rights Act of 1866
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gave citizenship
Forbade states from passing discrimination laws
Johnson vetoed Act
Congress over-rode veto

1st Legislation enacted over Presidential Veto
 14th Amendment- 1866
 States could not deny rights to citizens
 Defined citizen as “all persons born or naturalized
in US”
Impeachment
 Tenure of Office Act
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Cabinet officers couldn’t be removed during term
of President that appointed them without 2/3 of
Congress consent
Johnson believed Unconstitutional

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Fired Sec. of War Stanton
Impeached for not upholding Act

Senate found Johnson NOT guilty
1868 Presidential Election
 Ulysses S. Grant
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1868 elected President
Won by 306,000 votes
500,000 African Americans voted
 15th Amendment-1870

No person can be kept from voting because
of “race, color, of previous condition of
servitude.”
Southern Politics
 3 main groups
 Scalawags

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Southerners that supported union during war
Anti-slavery, anti-plantation
 Carpetbaggers
 Northerners that moved to south
 Economic reasons
 African Americans
 90 % black men voted 1868
 Ran for public office
Southern Economy
 Resources and land destroyed
 Confederate War Bonds- Worthless
 Population

1/5 men dead
Public Works Programs
 Built roads, bridges
 Orphanages and Mental Hospitals
 1st public school system in South
 Raised taxes (Slowed recovery)
The Collapse of Reconstruction
Ku Klux Klan
Goals of the KKK
 Political
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Destroy Republican party
Throw out Reconstruction Government
Prevent Blacks from voting
 Economic
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Forced landowners to work for whites
Couldn’t work outside agriculture
Refused to hire or do business if voted
Republican
Collapse of Reconstruction
 Enforcement Acts of 1870

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Federal Supervision of elections
Pres. had power to use Federal Troops in
active KKK areas
 Amnesty Act- 160,000 former Confederates

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Regained right to vote
Regained right to hold office
Election of 1876
 Rutherford B Hayes- Republican
 Samuel J Tilden- Democrat
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Won popular vote
1 vote short in Electoral college
 Compromise of 1877
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Hayes wins if…..
Withdrawal of federal troops in south