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Reconstruction & Its Effects Think About It!!! Have you ever been part of a team or group who started off with high hopes and strong ambitions, but did not finish well? What is Reconstruction? Reconstruction is the period of time (1865 – 1877), during which the U.S. began to rebuild following the Civil War. – Also, the process the federal gov. used to readmit defeated Confederate states back into the Union. Who were the Radical Republicans? The Radical Republicans were a group within Congress who wanted AfricanAmericans to be given full citizenship and the right to vote. Freedman’s Bureau Act (1866) Civil Rights Act (1866) 14th Amendment (1866) 15th Amendment (1870) ** Look in Ch. 4-4 (pg. 184 - 186) and describe what each of these did.** Why was President Johnson impeached? Johnson became president in 1865 after Lincoln’s assassination; – Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan made it relatively easy for ex-confederate states to rejoin the union Pardoned many former confederates Johnson was viewed by RRs as being to lenient on he South; – He did not support civil rights for African-Americans; – He angered many by vetoing legislation such as the Freedman’s Bureau and Civil Rights Acts of 1866. Why was President Johnson impeached? Moderate and Radical Republicans in Congress wanted to take charge of Reconstruction; – Believed Johnson was blocking Reconstruction; They start looking for reasons to impeach Johnson; – The House impeaches, but the Senate does not convict; Message Received: – Congress takes control of Reconstruction The Post-War South Southern economy and population is devastated by the war; – Many small farms ruined – Hundreds of thousands of men killed Southern Politics – dominated by the Republican Party after the war – Scalawags – white Southerners who joined the Republican Party – Carpetbaggers – Northerners who moved to the South after the war – African-Americans Reconstruction Collapses Many white Southerners resent reconstruction; – Ku Klux Klan – a notorious and violent Southern vigilante group whose goal was to destroy the Republican party and end reconstruction Killed as many as 20,000 men, women and children Used intimidation to prevent African-Americans from exercising their political rights Reconstruction Collapses, cont. The Republican Party looses power in the South; – Amnesty Act (1872) – Freedman’s Bureau expires Panic of 1873 – economic concerns divert attention away from the South Democrats “Redeem” the South in the election of 1876 Summarizing: How did Radical Republicans try to reconstruct the South? How successful was reconstruction?