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What is the Gettysburg Address?
On November 2, 1863, several month after the Battle of
Gettysburg (July 1-3), Pres. Lincoln was invited to make
a speech at the consecration of a cemetery for the Union
war dead. On November 19, 1863, Lincoln attended the
dedication ceremony and gave the short speech that we
now call the Gettysburg Address.
What was Lincoln’s Plan
for reconstruction?
Even before the war ended, Lincoln issued (December 8, 1863)
a proclamation of amnesty and reconstruction for those areas
of the Confederacy occupied by Union armies. He offered a pardon,
with certain exceptions, to any Confederate who would swear to
support the Constitution and the Union. Once a group in any
conquered state is equal to 1/10 of the states total vote in the
presidential election of 1860 took the oath and organized a gov. that
abolished slavery, HE would grant the gov. executive recognition.
Congress refused to seat the Senators and Representatives
elected from these states.
What was the Compromise of 1877?
In the Compromise of 1877, Democrats agreed to accept
the Republican presidential electors and Rutherford B. Hayes.
Republicans agreed to withdraw the remaining federal troops
from the South, enact laws that would promote industrialization
of the South, appoint Democrats to patronage positions
in the South, and appoint a Democrat to the president’s cabinet.
What was a carpetbagger?
Carpetbagger was a term used in the South to
describe Northerners who went South during
Reconstruction to make money. They arrived
with their possessions in a carpetbag (cloth bag).
With the support of the black vote, the carpetbaggers
played an important role in Republican state
Governments.
What was Sherman’s March?
On November 12, 1864, the Union Gen. William T. Sherman marched
his troops out of Atlanta toward the Atlantic Coast. He and his
62,000 Union soldiers left a 60 mile wide path of destruction arriving
in Savannah on December 10. The Federal troops continue to march,
destroy, and burn everything in their path. They arrived at Columbia,
South Carolina on February 17, 1865. This event is sometimes
called Sherman’s “March to the Sea.” Along the path of this march,
Union soldiers destroyed railroads, burned mills and factories,
burned houses and towns, confiscated livestock, and displaced people.
What is the Reconstruction Era?
The Reconstruction Era (1865-1877) was
the period of time following the Civil War
during which the U. S. government worked
to reunite the nation and rebuild the
southern states.
What happened in the Election of 1876?
In the 1876 election, Samuel J. Tilden (D) ran
against Rutherford B. Hayes (R). Tilden won
the popular vote and had 184 electoral votes.
Hayes had 165. Twenty votes were disputed
in S. Carolina, Louisiana, and Florida. These
states submitted two sets of electoral ballots.
What were Southern Military Districts?
On March 2, 1867, Congress passed the first
Reconstruction Act. The South was divided
into five military districts, each under a
major general of the U.S. Army. Pres.
Andrew Johnson selected the
military administrators.
John Pope was selected for
Georgia, Alabama, and Florida.
What is a scalawag?
Scalawag is a term used in the South after the
Civil War to describe native white
Southerners who joined the Republican party
and aided in carrying out the congressional
Reconstruction program. A
Republican who came from the
north was called a carpetbagger.
What is an agrarian society?
An agrarian society is a society
in which most of the people make a living
by farming (agriculture).
What did the new farm inventions such
as harvesters and threshers do for farmers?
Farm inventions such as the harvesters
and threshers helped farmers increase the
production of crops. They could now grow
more wheat, corn, oats, and other crops.
What is barbed wire?
Barbed wire is a kind of wire used to
build fences to protect crops and livestock.
At one time, there were dozens of kinds, but all
barbed wire has metal protrusions (barbs, hooks)
that scratches, cuts, rips, and tears clothing
or human and animal flesh.
Name three inventions that helped
new industries to grow.
Three inventions that encouraged the
growth of new industries are the:
Telephone
Typewriter
Transatlantic cable
What is the transatlantic cable?
On July 27, 1866, on the fifth attempt, a strong,
insulated telegraph cable (wire) was laid on the bottom
of the Atlantic Ocean. The “transatlantic cable”
was 1862 miles long. The cable started in Valentia,
Ireland and ended in Trinity Bay, Newfoundland. Now,
North American and Europe could communicate rapidly.
Name 4 inventions of the 1800s that
encouraged settlement of the Midwest.
Four inventions of the 1800s that encouraged
the settle of the Midwest are the:
Steel plow
Cast-Iron Windmill
Mechanical Reaper
Barbed Wire
In the late 1800s, where were most of the
battles between Native American groups
and the U. S. military fought? What state?
In the late 1800s, most of the battles between
Native American groups and the U. S.
military were fought in Montana.
What did the Populist Part of the 1890s
promote?
The goals of the Populist Party of the 1890s
were:
electoral reform,
expanded money supply, and
regulation of big business.
What is the frontier?
Frontier is a word used by colonists
and pioneers to describe land on the
edge of their settlements.
How are the following related: Whig,
Populist, Democrat, and Republican?
Whig, Populist, Democratic and Republican
are all U. S. political parties.
What does industrialization mean?
Industrialization is the term used to explain
the change from living and working
on farms to living in crowded cities, working
in large factories, and making products using
machines powered by steam, coal, gas,
electricity, or other power sources.
How were the buffalo annihilated?
Thousands, perhaps millions, of buffalo roamed the west.
As people moved west, the buffalo was killed for food
and hides (skins). Some people killed the buffalo to make
way for ranches and farms. At times the military, killed
the buffalo to deprive the Native Americans of their
food supply. Other people killed hundreds of animals
a day for sport. They left the bodies to rot where they fell.
What does null and void mean?
Null and void means something is
without legal force or not binding.
Who was Ida Tarbell?
Ida Tarbell was a muckraker, who wrote
about the unfair business practices of
the Standard Oil Company. Ms Tarbell’s
book is the History of the Standard Oil
Company.
Beginning in the late 1800s, name two
sources of power for new industries.
Beginning in the late 1800s, oil and electricity
powered new and developing industries.
What does urbanization mean?
Urban is the word for a city or a town.
It is the opposite of the country or rural.
Urbanization is the process of movement
of people from farms to the cities.
Why were railroads built in sparsely
populated parts of Alabama?
In Alabama, railroads were
built in sparsely
populated areas to support
the coal an iron industries.
What was the Freedmen’s Bureau?
The Freedmen’s Bureau was an agency
established by Congress in 1865 to help
poor people in the south. The bureau
provided food, education, and legal
help for freed people. It also assisted
African American war veterans.
What is industrialization?
Industrialization is the process of
development and growth of very large businesses,
industries, or manufacturing
enterprises. Examples: paper industry,
tourist industry, airline industry,
communication industry.
Who said the following: “I will never
consent to abandon to the enemy
one foot of soil of any one of the
States of the Confederacy…?”
Jefferson Davis, the president
of the Confederacy, said these words.
What is the book, The Jungle, about?
In 1906, Upton Sinclair wrote a book,
The Jungle, about meatpacking plants.
The American people were so upset
by this book that the government investigated
the meatpacking plants in Chicago and
changed the food laws of the U.S.