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Do Now
•Why do you think the North won the war?
Guided Practice
• Using pages 314-319, identify
the strengths and weaknesses
of the North and the South.
Organize this into a T-Chart.
• Your T-Chart should include
information about the
following for EACH side:
•
•
•
•
•
Financial situation
Weapon/factory production
Population size
Military skill
Transportation/railroad access
North
South
Strengths
Weaknesses
If one is a strength of one side, it
is a weakness of the other side.
BE SURE EXPLAIN WHY EACH
ONE OF THESE CATEGORIES IS A
STRENGTH OR WEAKNESS FOR
THE NORTH OR SOUTH IN 1-2
SENTENCES.
Union Strengths
• 2x the population of South
• 90% of weapon production
• 80% of the nation’s factories
• Access to money through bond issues and taxes
Southern Weaknesses
• ½ the population, and 1/3 was enslaved
• Only one rail line
• Money problems:
• No bonds with CSA money
• No taxes
• Currency inflation
Southern Strength
• Military brilliance: had many of the best minds of U.S.
army
• Able to stay in the war because of innovative military
tactics
• Had more political unity
Northern Weaknesses
• Fewer great military leaders
• War unpopularity – lots of political conflict between parties over war
or peace
• Lincoln wins re-election of 1864 vs. McClellan 55-45, but didn’t
think he would because of Confederate success
New Technology
• Major impact on the Civil
War
• First time rifles and
trenches were used in a
war
• Gatling Gun – first rapid
fire machine gun
• Ironclads – ships reinforced
with steel on the side
• First ironclad battle
III. Reconstruction
Objective 3.04: Analyze the political, economic, and social impact of
Reconstruction on the nation and identify the reasons why
Reconstruction came to an end.
A. Presidential Plan
• Lincoln: wanted more lenient
terms for Confederate states to
re-join the Union faster.
• April 14, 1865: Lincoln
assassinated by John Wilkes
Booth (Southerner).
• Vice-President Andrew Johnson
becomes President, supports the
same, more moderate plan.
B. Congressional Plan
• Lead by the Radical Republicans – Thaddeus Stevens
and Charles Sumner.
• Harsh terms for the South:
• Bring more power to the Republican Party
• Keep Confederate leaders from holding office
• Radical Republicans win majority in Congress in 1866,
push their plan for Reconstruction through.
C. Military Reconstruction Act (1867)
• Radical Republican
Reconstruction plan wins.
• Key points:
• Re-admitted Confederate
states into the U.S.
• Divided states into 5 military
districts, each headed by a
Union general.
• Demanded new state
constitutions and ratification
of the 14th Amendment.
D. Johnson Gets Impeached
• Radical Republicans didn't trust
Johnson to carry out their
Reconstruction plan.
• Johnson disobeys, gets
impeached by Congress.
• Impeached: The House of
Representatives votes on whether to
have a trial to see if the President has
abused his power or done something
illegal.
• The President is removed from office if
he/she is found guilty by vote in the
Senate.
• Not voted out of office, but
first time a U.S. President had
been impeached.
E. Republican Rule in the South
• Many northerners came to the South to get
involved in the new Republican government,
not liked by Southerners.
• Nickname: Carpetbaggers
• The Freedmen's Bureau
• Set up by Congress to give resources and
protection to African-Americans.
• Why is this needed?
• Most Africans-Americans were slaves
and didn’t have anything after they were
freed. The Bureau could help them get
an education and their basic needs like
food and shelter.
• Didn’t have support and collapsed.
F. Problems for African-Americans
• Many African-Americans were forced to do
sharecropping.
• You farm someone's land in return for housing and a
portion of the crop.
• Why is this a problem?
• Conditions still became very similar to slavery. Most
landowners took most of the crops and gave the former
slaves poor housing.
• Black codes: Southern laws created to restrict the rights of
African-Americans, keep conditions of slavery around.
• Examples: Couldn't own weapons, couldn't meet
together after sunset.
• Ku Klux Klan: Southern group who used violence
against people supporting equal rights.
Independent Practice
• One of the major goals of Reconstruction was to help AfricanAmericans get used to a new life of liberty.
• Pretend you are an African American in 1870 and are living through
Reconstruction. Write an opinion piece for your local newspaper
saying whether you think Reconstruction by the federal government
has helped you feel like you have freedom and liberties.
• Your opinion piece should be 6-10 sentences. Use information from
your notes to support your assertion/claim.
Exit Ticket
1) Name a strength of the Union army and explain how
it helped them win the war.
2) Why did the Radical Republicans oppose Lincoln's or
Johnson's Reconstruction plan?
3) How did the Southerners continue to try to take
away the rights of African-Americans after the they had
been freed from slavery?