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Radical Reconstruction Focus Activity 2 The Civil War, 1861-1865 3 Reconstruction Era Photograph of ruins in Richmond, Virginia, taken in 1865 4 Lincoln Assassination 1865 5 Andrew Johnson 6 Radical Republicans 7 Major Questions After the Civil War • How should the South be rebuilt? • How should the states that seceded be brought back into the Union? • How should former slaves be incorporated into the country as freed men and women? 8 Affects of Civil War 9 Reconstructing a Nation • After 4 years of war and over 200 years of slavery, could Northerners and Southerners rebuild the South together? Photograph of a Union soldier camp taken between 1861 and 1865 • Could they unify as citizens of the same country? 10 Punishment for the Confederate States? • Should people who fought against the United States be recognized as citizens? Should they be Illustration of the Attack on Fort Sumter from punished? 1861 • What should be done to the Southern state governments that fought against the United States? 11 African Americans in the South • How would freed men and women be treated in the Southern states? • How would Northerners address the issue of including Photograph of an enslaved family in South former slaves as Carolina taken in 1862 citizens in society? • What were some major challenges that former slaves faced? 12 Central Historical Question Why was the Radical Republican plan for Reconstruction considered “radical”? Lincoln’s 10% Plan • December 1863 • Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction Plan • Pardon most Confederates • Swear allegiance to Union • Form new gov. and reps. in Congress after 10% took oath 14 10% Plan Opponents • AR, LA, TN, and VA moved toward readmission • Plan angered Radical Republicans • Wade-Davis Bill • Lincoln’s “pocket veto” 15 Johnson’s Reconstruction • May 1865, Presidential Reconstruction • AL, FL, GA, MS, NC, SC, TX could be readmitted if… – Withdraw secession – Swear allegiance to Union – Pay annual war debts – Ratify 13th Amendment 16 Johnson’s Opposition • Dec 1865 Congress convened • Rejected new Southern legislators (congressmen) • Freedmen’s Bureau- assisted former slaves/poor whites – Food, clothing, hospitals, schools, industrial institutes, and teacher training 17 Black Codes • Civil Rights Act of 1866 • Citizenship for African-Americans • Prohibited discriminatory laws (Black Codes) • Johnson vetoed Acts • Led to Congressional Reconstruction 18 Congressional Reconstruction • June 1866 • Moderate and Radical Republicans join forces • 14th Amendment – Civil Rights Act • Ratified in 1868 19 Reconstruction Act 1867 • Reconstruction Act of 1867 • Did not recognize state gov. formed under Lincoln and Johnson’s plans • Military districts with Union general leaders • Citizens voted for delegates to draft new state constitutions 20 Johnson Impeached • Impeach- formally charge president for misconduct while in office; to remove from office • Tenure of Office Act 1867 • 11 charges brought against Johnson • “Not guilty” 35-19 vote 21 Grant For President • • • • Election of 1868 Grant (R) vs Seymour (D) Grant wins! 15th Amendment – voting right for African-Americans • Passed in 1870 22