Download US Hist-Unit 4 Ch 11- The Civil WMar -short

The American Civil War
1861-1865
Vs.
Causes of the Civil War
• Regional differences grow stronger:
– largely industrial North vs. the agrarian South
• Where Railroads should be built and the Protectionist tariff that favored the North)
•
•
•
•
Slavery
The Compromise of 1850 and the Kansas-Nebraska Act
Abraham Lincoln elected president
Lower South secedes and creates the Confederate States of
America
• The Confederacy attacks Fort Sumter
Union leader – President
Abraham Lincoln
• 16th President (1861-1865)
• Born: Feb. 12, 1809
• Died: April 15, 1865 (four
days after the war ended)

• Party: Republican
• Wife: Mary Lincoln
• Children: Robert, Edward,
William, and Thomas
(Tad)
Confederacy Leader – President
Jefferson Davis
• Born: June 3, 1808
• Died: 1889
• Born in Kentucky
– U.S. Military Academy (West Point )
• Later - became a Mississippi Planter
• U.S. Senator, Secretary of War
• Then - President of the Confederacy.
• Served as a P.O.W. for two years,
U.S. dropped its case against him in
1868.
Timeline of the Civil War
Copy the following slides in a
timeline format in your notes!
April 12-13, 1861
• Fort Sumter
• Confederate General
P.G.T Beauregard opens
fire on Fort Sumter.
Major Robert Anderson
surrenders.
• The fort was a federal fort
in the South and the
Confederacy did not want
northerners in the south!
First Major Battle
July 1861
• Union army marches on
Southern capital,
Richmond, Virginia.
• Routed by Confederate
forces at Bull Run, it is
forced to retreat to
Washington.
• Union: Gen. McDowell
• Conf.: Gen. Johnston and
“Stonewall” Jackson
February 1862
• Union forces under
Brig. Gen. Ulysses S.
Grant capture key
Southern strongholds
of Fort Henry and
Donelson in
Tennessee.
April 1862
• Confederate army
counter-attacks Grant
at Shiloh, but he holds
his ground and
Southern forces retreat
to Mississippi
• Union Navy seizes
New Orleans
July 1862
• Gen. George McClellan
leads Union advance on
Richmond
• Blocked by Confederates
under Gen. Robert E. Lee
during the “Seven Days’
Battles.”
Robert E. Lee
August 1862
• Lee defeats Union
army at Second Battle
of Bull Run, and
drives Northern force
out of Virginia
• Lee then proceeds to
invade Maryland.
September 1862
• BATTLE OF ANTIETAM - Maryland
• McClellan blocks Lee’s advance
– Battle of Antietam Creek, Maryland
– 24,000 men die.
• “Bloodiest Single Battle” of the war.
• Lee retreats to Virginia.
• Lincoln issued his Emancipation Proclamation a
few days later.
April-May 1863
• Union forces attack
Lee in Virginia but are
defeated at
Chancellorsville and
retreat.
• Lee invades the north
once more in
Pennsylvania.
July 1-3, 1863
• GETTYSBURG!
• Lee’s forces run into Union
Army at Gettysburg, Penn.
• Over 50,000 casualties
• Lee’s army retreats south.
• Many historians believe this is
the beginning of the end for the
south.
• Turning point of the war!
July 4, 1863 - Vicksburg
• After a two-month siege, Grant finally takes
Vicksburg, Mississippi
– Splits the Confederacy – Union controls the
Mississippi River
• bringing most of the region under Northern control.
• This is another nail in the coffin of the
South.
November 1863 – Gettysburg Address
• Lincoln asked to deliver a
few appropriate remarks
dedicating the military
cemetery at Gettysburg.
• “Four score and seven years
ago our fathers brought
forth on this continent, a
new nation, conceived in
Liberty, and dedicated to the
proposition that all men are
created equal.”
The Gettysburg Address Link
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5_h
YZFUsOuw
November 1863
• Battle of Chattanooga Grant drives Lee out of
Tennessee.
• Union Army now led by
Gen William T. Sherman
• He takes Knoxville &
goes south towards
Atlanta
June 1864
• The tide has officially shifted - the North is
almost in total control of the war.
• After a costly southward advance
– Grant traps Lee’s forces at Petersburg, outside
of Richmond, Virginia.
• The ensuing siege lasts for ten months.
September-December 1864
Atlanta Cyclorama- The Civil War, Battle of
Atlanta
• Sherman captures
Atlanta.
• He cuts a swath of
destruction through
Georgia and then
captures Savannah.
• This becomes known
as, “The March to
the Sea.”
• On Christmas Day
of 1864, Sherman
orders his men to
save Savannah from
burning; he gives it
to Lincoln as a
Christmas present!
April 1865
• Grant takes Richmond
on April 3
• Lee surrenders six days
later at Appomattox
Court House.
• April 9, 1865 - official
end to the war between
the states.
April 1865
• Lincoln is assassinated
by John Wilkes Booth at
Ford’s Theater in
Washington D.C. On
April 14th and he died the
next day.
• Booth yelled, “Sic
semper tyrannis” in
English means, “Thus be
it ever to tyrants.”
• Booth broke his leg
jumping from the
balcony, and he died
several days later after
being burned in the barn
he was hiding.
Lincoln’s Death
The Human Costs of the Civil
War
700
600
500
400
North
South
Total Casualties
300
200
100
(Casualties by thousands)
0
Civil
War
The Economic Costs of the Civil
War
Economic Costs
 Federal loans and taxes to finance the war totaled
$2.6 billion.
 Federal debt rose to $2.7 billion.
 Confederate debt ran over $700 million.
 Union inflation reached 182% in 1864 and 179%
in 1865.
 Confederate inflation rose to 9,000% by the end of
the war.