Download Civil War Section 3 “Fighting the War” The War in the West

Civil War
Section 3
“Fighting the War”
The War in the West
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Confederacy won most battles in the East.
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Union won most battles in the West.
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Grant captured Fort Henry and Fort Donelson
in Tennessee. This give the North Control over
Kentucky and much of Tennessee.
Shiloh
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Grant rested his troops near a church called Shiloh.
Confederate troops surprised Grant's soldiers
beginning the Battle of Shiloh.
By the end of the day Union troops get pushed back
to the Tennessee River.
New Union troops arrive at night to help. Grant
counterattacks and the Confederates were out
numbered.

Union: 13,000 causalities

Confederacy: 10,000 including General Johnston.

Union wins the battle.
New Orleans
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Was the largest city in the South.
It would allow the Union to cut off supplies to
Western Confederate forces.
Confederate forces open fire from gunboats
and launched bombs.
Union troops outnumbered the Confederates
again.
April 12 New Orleans was forced to surrender.
Eastern Campaign
The Peninsula Campaign

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McClellan trained his men in pride and discipline.
However he was a cautious man and sometimes
did not do what the President wanted.
Peninsula Campaign: Take Richmond. Do not
march directly on the city, McClellan says we
need to transport more than 100,000 men, 300
canons, and 25,000 animals by water to the
Peninsula between the York and James Rivers.
Hit Richmond from the southeast and it forces the
Confederates southward to defend Richmond.
McClellan hesitated.
Yorktown and Seven Pines
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Lincoln orders McClellan to attack on
Yorktown.
McClellan does not (said there were too many
enemy troops).
The Confederates hold Yorktown until May.
Battle of Seven Pines: May 31, 1862 east of
Richmond and the South outnumbered again.
Seven Days Campaign

McClellan rest

Lee attacks
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Lee sends “Jeb” Stuart to gather information on the enemy
positions.
Using the info Lee and Jackson attacked the Union army in the 7
days campaign.

June 25, July 1
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Victory for the South b/c McClellan rested

Lincoln removes McClellan from command and gives it to General
John Pope.
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Lee defeats Pope at the 2nd Battle of Bull Run
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McClellan is back in command.
A Shift in the War Aims
Beginning to move against Slavery

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Republicans push for legislation that
authorized African Americans to serve in the
military. The legislation would also free slaves
held by Confederate soldiers or by
Confederate allies. Lincoln signs it.
Lincoln wanted the slaves to fight for the North
so they could win.
Emancipation Proclamation

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The constitution said nothing about slavery
being illegal.
Lincoln wants to issue a new military order.
All slaves living in areas still rebelling against
the United States would be free.
Emancipation Proclamation Lincoln said would
only apply to the Confederate states.
Antietam
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Sept. 4, 1862 Lee crossing the Potomatic
River into Maryland.
Union forces lost track of Confederate troops
for 4 days.
Union soldiers came upon Lee's battle plans
wrapped around a discarded pack of cigars.
McClellan planned a counterattack
McClellan met Lee at Antietam Creek in
Maryland. Union out numbered the North by
20,000 plus.
Antietam
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The Battle raged all day, becoming the
bloodiest single-day battle in all of U.S. Military
history.
25,000 deaths in all
Lincoln fired McClellan because he allowed
the Confederate troops to escape into VA.

Lee could be defeated.
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No European countries will help the South

Lincoln moves forward with the Emancipation
Proclamation.
African Americans Take up Arms
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Many African Americans recruited by the Union Army served in the 54th
Massachusetts Infantry.
Led the charge at Fort Wagner.
The 54th clawed their way to the top of Fort Wagner's sloping walls. Almost
2 months later the Confederates evacuated the fort.

African American soldiers earned half the pay of white soldiers.

White officers are in charge of the black officers.
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Martin Delany became the first African American promoted to the rank of
major in 1865.

180,000 African Americans served in the Union Army

32,000 gave their lives

More than 20 African Americans earned the Congressional Medal of
Honor.
New Union Commanders
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Ambrose E. Burnside takes command of the
Union Army after the defeat of Antietam
Burnside sends some 114,000 troops to
Fredericksburg, VA.
Due to very bad maneuvering of the Union
troops the South wins.
One northerner stated, “great slaughter pen.”
Chancellorsville
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Lincoln transfers Burnside and places General
Joseph “Fighting Joe” Hooker in charge of the
Eastern Forces.
Hookers troops double the size of the
Confederate Army.
Lee and Jackson attack the Union troops from
both sides.After several days of fighting
Hooker withdrew in defeat.
South suffers
Section 3 Review
Answer Review Questions and Complete the
Vocabulary Terms and People we covered today.
Section 4
The Final Phase
Gettysburg
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Lee wants to invade the North.
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Lee needed to seize the enemy to obtain supplies
and food.
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Hooker like McClellan did not attack when Lincoln
wanted him to so Lincoln fired Hooker and hired
General George Meade.
•
A supply of shoes came in at Gettysburg. The
South was going to raid the shoes; however the
North had set up two positions on Gettysburg. The
South went to raid shoes and met the fires of the
Union Army.
Gettysburg
•
1st day of battle Confederates push the Union
back to Cemetery Hill and Cemetery Ridge.
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North held the higher ground which was bad
for the South.
•
Lee decided to attack first.
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Lee ordered George Pickett and his 15,000
troops to rush the Union center on Cemetery
Ridge. Only half the Confederate soldiers
survived Pickett's Charge.
Pickett's Charge
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Confederate lieutenant G.W. Finley later
wrote, “Men were falling all around us, and
cannon and muskets were raining death
upon us.”
•
Pickett did not have enough men for a 2nd
attack, Meade could not counterattack due to
the bad weather, giving Lee a chance to
retreat and go back to VA.
Gettysburg
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3 days of fighting
•
Union: 23,000 +
•
Confederate: 20,000 +
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Lincoln gives the Gettysburg Address to
dedicate the cemetery to the fallen soldiers.
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Union wins at Gettysburg
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Union army proves they can beat the South
for good.
Lincoln finds his General
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Vicksburg:
•
Grant says he has to take Vicksburg in order to stop the
Confederates.
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6 weeks Grant and his men laid siege to the town.
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Siege of Vicksburg: city defenders began eating mules
and rats to keep from starving.
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Confederates want to surrender.
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Confederates surrender causing another fort at Port
Hudson to fall.
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The Union has TOTAL control of the Mississippi River.
Summer of 1864
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Grant informs Lincoln he will march on
Richmond and take his losses and press on.
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Grant planned a war of attrition: that is to
continue fighting until the South ran out of
men, supplies, and will.
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122,000 Union troops fight against 66,000
Confederate men for 2 days. A lost of 28,000
men.
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Grant keeps pushing forcing Lee to keep his
men in the field.
Summer of 1864
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After 3 more days of fighting Grant was
getting discouraged that the south was not
giving up.
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Since May 12th (its now June) Grant had lost
60,000 men.
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Grant rested in Petersburg.
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Lee's army steadily dwindled, and few
reserves remained.
Sherman's March to the Sea
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Sherman and Grant are a perfect match.
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Moody, ambitious, and brilliant.
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Commander of the Tennessee Army
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Destroy southern railroads and industries.
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100,000 troops march toward Georgia.
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Out maneuvered General Johnston's
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Atlanta fell on September 2, 1864:
Confederate's lost their last railroad tracks
across the Appalachian Mountains.
Sherman's March to the Sea
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Ordered residents to evacuate
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Sherman's men set fire to large portions of
the city.
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Sherman, “ If Southerners raise a howl
against my barbarity and cruelty, I will answer
that war is war, and not popularity-seeking. If
they want peace, they and their relatives
must stop the war.”
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The fall of Georgia boosted Lincoln's re-election
campaign.
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Sherman's success renewed hope that the conflict
would soon end.
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Lincoln won the election of 1864
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Sherman took all supplies that would help him and
his men and destroyed the rest.
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Uprooted crops, burned farmhouses, slaughtered
livestock, and tore up railroad tracks.
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Sherman was fighting a total war.
Sherman's March
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Sherman: “must make old and young, rich
and poor, feel the hard hand of war.....we can
not change the hearts of THOSE people of
the South.”
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In December Sherman and his troops head
North to resupply and help Grant and his
troops.
Surrender at Appomattox
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Grants troops battered Richmond.
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Lee withdrew from Richmond.
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Union troops poured into the Confederate
capital.
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Lee's army is half the size of Grants.
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Lee flees westward.
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Lee ask for terms of surrender because he
has lost too many men and they have NO
food.
Surrender at Appomattox
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April 9, 1865 Lee and Grant met in a house in VA
called Appomattox Court House.
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Terms of surrender were simple: Confederate
officers keep their side arms, All soldiers would be
fed and allowed to keep their horses and mules.
None would be tried for treason.
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As Lee rode off on his horse the Union troops
started to cheer but out of respect Grant silenced
them. Grant stated, “The War is over.” “ The rebels
are our countrymen again.”
Lee's statement to his troops
•
“I have done for you all that is was in my
power to do. You have done all your duty.
Leave the result to God. Go to your homes
and resume your occupations. Obey the laws
and become as good citizens as you were
soldiers.”
The End of the Civil War
General Johnston surrenders to Sherman and on
April 26, 1985 the war is over.
Review Questions
Answer Section 4 Review Questions
Review
•
How did General Grant's terms of surrender
promote reconciliation between the North
and the South?