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Download The Civil War 1861-1865
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Pre-Civil War: Decade of Crisis 1850-1860 Institution of Slavery Eli Whitney - Cotton Gin Nat Turner’s Revolt 1831 Missouri Compromise 1820 –36 degrees 30 minutes Compromise of 1850 California (49ers) apply to become a FREE state –Popular Sovereignty South Rejects Compromise proposed by Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, Stephen Douglas They Propose: Allow California in as free state (Northern Victory) Create New Mexico and Utah territories without restrictions about slavery Stricter fugitive slave law (Southern Victory...hurt Underground RR) Results of Compromise of 1850 4 Southern States threaten to secede North upset about fugitive slave law Uncle Tom's Cabin Harriet Beecher Stowe 1852 Dramatic account of a slave fighting for freedom Result...more people wanting to abolish slavery Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) Background (RR, etc) Stephen Douglas, Senator (ILL) He Proposes: – Create Kansas and Nebraska Territories – Scrap the Missouri Compromise (36 degrees 30 minutes). Instead, allow Popular Sovereignty Results of the K-N Act Stephen Douglas -very ambitious Birth of the new Republican Party Helped unify the North Bleeding Kansas "Bleeding Kansas"miniature Civil War 1855-57 Election War –Free Soil Group...John Brown Dred Scott Decision...1857 Background Supreme Court (Chief Justice Roger Taney) decides: – Slaves = 3/5ths of a person, so NO RIGHT to sue – Slave=Property – Congress cannot restrict property within TERRITORIES. Results of Dred Scott Ruling: Wipes out: –Kansas-Nebraska Act –Idea of Popular Sovereignty Huge Southern Victory Outrages & Unifies Republicans Other Important Events of the Late 1850’s Lincoln-Douglas Debates John Brown’s Raid...attack US Arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia Election of 1860 4 Political Parties! Republicans Northern Party RESTRICT slavery, not abolish it Abraham Lincoln from ILL Northern Democrats Demos split Northern Democrats supported Stephen Douglas and popular sovereignty Southern Democrats More radical, want slavery legal everywhere Selected John Breckinridge (Tenn), current VP under Buchanan Constitutional Union Party Wanted a compromise over slavery Selected John Bell (Tenn) Popular Vote Totals 40 30 20 10 0 Pop. % Bell Breckenridge Douglas Lincoln Lincoln Douglas Breckenridge Bell Lincoln wins with only 40% of Popular Vote What should the Southern States do? What options do they have? Secession President James Buchanan- “Lame Duck” December 1860 - South Carolina Secedes What should Buchanan do??? Is secession irrational??? Confederate States of America By Feb, 1861, most of the South is gone Elect Jefferson Davis (Mississippi) as President Select Richmond (Virginia) as Capitol Flag (11 states, yet 13 stars) Strengths and Weaknesses North –(Union, Blue, Yankees) South –(Confederacy, Gray, Rebels) Border States The Battles Begin Fort Sumter (Charleston, S. C.) 1st Bull Run – “Stonewall” Jackson Naval Warfare Union has Navy – Ironclad Warship (forerunner to battleships) Monitor v Merrimack (Virginia) March 1862 War in the West Shiloh (Tenn) April 1862 New Orleans and the Mississippi River Battle and Seige of Vicksburg (Miss) – Heavily fortified city with RR – 47 day seige of city – Major turing point of war – Union splits south & gets River – Grant v. Pemberton War in the East Robert E. Lee, Confederate General Battle of Antietam (Maryland) –Sept 1862 - George McClellan Lincoln changes War Emancipation Proclamation War in the East (continued) Union Commanders-"Revolving Door" –Fredricksburg (VA) Dec, 1862 Ambrose Burnside –Chancellorsville (VA) Spring 1863 - Joe Hooker –Gettysburg (Penn) July 1863 George Meade Gettysburg Lee invades North July 3 - "Pickett's Charge" (Gen.George Pickett, confederate) Great Union Victory & Major turning point of War Meade fails to chase Lee Gettysburg Address (Lincoln) East (continued) “Revolving Door” - (cont) U.S. Grant in charge (1864-) William Tecumseh Sherman's "March to the Sea" ... (Total War) Atlanta to Savannah The Ending Appomattox Courthouse (April 9, 1865) Lee surrenders Factors of War First American “Draft” War’s Deadly Cost 700,000 600,000 500,000 400,000 300,000 200,000 100,000 0 Civil War WW 1 WW 2 Dead Lincoln's Assassination April 14, 1865...Fords Theatre "American Cousin" play John Wilkes Booth Democrat Andrew Johnson will lead Reconstruction efforts