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A War
Between the
States
The United States Civil War
Waverly-Shell Rock Junior High
U.S. History
The Election of 1860
Stephen A.
Douglas, favored
by northern
democrats
because of his
stance on
popular
sovereignty.
John Bell,
favored by
Constitutional
Union Party
because of his
belief in keeping
the country
together.
John C.
Breckenridge,
Abraham Lincoln,
favored by southern
favored by the
democrats because
Republican Party
of his stance on
because of his belief in
state rights and
limiting the spread of
protection of
slavery in the western
slavery.
territories.
Election results on pp. 403 of old text…
A Political Cartoon…
Lincoln stands
on a No
Extension of
Slavery
platform holds
tight with his
right hand the
rope around
Douglas' neck
which reads:
Squatter
sovereignty,
and brandishes
a rail with his
left.
John Bell
stands on the
ground without
a platform and
has a bell over
his head;
John C.
Breckinridge
seated behind
him writing
New York
Ledger; his
head is also
under the bell.
Stephen Douglas with one foot through the Cincinnati Platform and the
other on the Mason Dixon Line waves two flags: SOUTH. Dred Scott
Decision" and NORTH. Unfriendly Legislation.
Another Political Cartoon…
John Bell: Bless my soul I give up.
John C. Breckinridge: That long
legged Abolitionist is getting ahead
of us after all.
Stephen Douglas: I never run so
in my life.
John C. Breckinridge dances
with President James
Buchanan.
One more…
Lincoln dances with
African American
woman.
Dred Scott
seated
plays the
violin.
Stephen Douglas
dances with a
sovereign in rags.
John Bell dances
with Native
American.
Election Results…
Electoral
College on pp.
196 of new
text…
? ?
December 20th, 1860
Before Abraham Lincoln
was even sworn into
office, South Carolina
makes true on its threat to
leave the Union.
South Carolina seceded for much the same
reason the 13 colonies separated from Great
Britain; they felt their rights were no longer
protected under the Constitution.
The Confederate
States of America
D
A
B
E
C
F
How is the Confederate Constitution
different from the United States?
A Confederate state is
“sovereign and
independent”
Tariffs are now
banned on imports
A Confederate
Congress cannot mess
with slavery
A president may only
serve one six year
term.
Who will lead this independent nation?
Jefferson Davis, of Mississippi
 Grew up on a plantation with
many slaves
 Strong military background
 Served in both houses of the US
Government
 Secretary of War for President
Pierce
What about the US
Forts?
April 12th, 1861
A War Begins
The confederate victory was considered by most
historians
to be the start of the Civil War.
Fort Sumter,
South
Carolina
Visual on pp. 511 of new text…
More States
Join the South
A
B
C
D
Why Fight?
 Put an end to slavery
 Slavery is an
once and for all
 Preserve the Union
 U.S. Constitution binds
North and South
together
economic necessity
 Cotton clashes with
manufacturing
 Fight to live the way
they want to live
 States rights come
before federal power
Strengths





22 million people
Plenty of food & supplies
Railroads &
Manufacturing
Banks & Strong
Government
Plenty of Weapons




Fight will be on home soil
Fight on the defensive
Outdoor living skills
Military leaders among
the best (West Point)
Volunteers?
“Yankees”


75,000 called to serve
for 3 months
African Americans are
turned away
“Rebs”

100,000 called to serve
for 12 months
How will the North Win?





Invade the South
Control Mississippi
River
Divide confederate
territory in two
Blockade southern
ports (supplies)
Capture capital:
Richmond, Virginia
How will the South Win?
Hold out long enough
so North will grow
tired
Pure Defense
Capture Washington
D.C.
Split the North in two?
Secure foreign aid
(Britain and France)
End Day #1
You’ve seen this before…Notice anything?
Our troops are
seasoned fighters
who have seen
war many times
before.
We have all the
money we need
to fight this war.
We have one of
the largest navies
in the World.
Some of your own
people are fighting
on our side.
Our troops lack
experience and
training
We need more
money and
equipment. We
think we know how
to get it.
We know the land
like the back of our
hands.
Your enemies want to
help us beat you.
Who was who? Does it relate to this war?
Bull Run, (Manassas Junction) Spring 1861
30 miles from Washington D.C.
The first major engagement of the Civil War.
28,450
2,950
32,230
1,750
This battle proved to both sides, the war would not
end quickly.
The Fight in the West
Shiloh, Early 1862
General Ulysses S. Grant attacks in
an attempt to capture the
Mississippi River.
65,085
13,047
44,968
10,699
How is it going?
Lee prevents Union capture of
Richmond
General Sherman pushes south
to control Mississippi.
Antietam, Sept. 1862
Lee leads 40,000 troops on Washington D. C.
but is pushed back to Virginia.
Union forces turn back Lee’s first invasion of the
North. The loss discouraged foreign support of the
Confederate States. Bloodiest day of fighting.
How is it going?
Emancipation Proclamation, 1862
“As of January 1st, 1863, all persons held as
slaves within any state…in rebellion against
the United States, shall be then, henceforth,
and forever free.”
Five days after the victory at
Antietam, President Lincoln
makes an announcement
that shocks
both nations.
Lincoln’s
proclamation
gave the Union soldiers a reason

(Video
Clip?)
to
continue
fighting and hoped to discourage France
and Great Britain from aiding the South.
Fredericksburg,
Virginia, Dec. 1862
Union 100,007/ CS 72,497
(US 13,353, CSA 4,576)
recorded as one of the worst
defeats in US Army history.
Chancellorsville,
May 1862
Lee beat back 120,000 US troops
with 60,000.
Stonewall Jackson Falls
(US 14,000/ CSA 10,000)
(Video Clip? X2)
Robert E. Lee
Discourages North
How is it going?
General Sherman continues to
gain control of Mississippi.
July 1st, 1863
“A Turning Point”
General George Meade
The Battle of Gettysburg
to be continued...soon
75,000
97,000
Day 2 Union forces were
pushed back through the town
the previous day and have
taken position in the hills.
15,000
Day 3 Robert E. Lee will order an
assault against the Union middle
position. (Pickett’s Charge)
If the line breaks, Confederate
forces will have a clear road on to
Washington D.C.
Day 1
Day 2
Day 3
The Battle of Gettysburg