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Unit 2 – 5.1 Psychology & Me
Ms. Dahl
HSP 3UI
Spotlight on Psych - Obedience
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Do you always do as you’re told? What
motivates you to obey an order?
The Milgram Experiment
Read the case study on p.198
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Answer Q# 1-3
Learning Goal
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Understand some factors that shape
personality and how it is studied
5.1 - Development of Self
Heredity & Environment
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A fundamental topic in Psych is the
Nature/Nurture debate
Read “Influence of Heredity & Environment”
on p.200-204 of the textbook
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Create a chart in your notes that highlights how
heredity and environment impacts personality.
Factors
Heredity
Environment
Personality
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Try to place yourself on the diagram in
Figure 5-12 (p.207)
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discuss with a partner
Personality
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Was it easy to classify yourself? Why
or why not?
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What aspects of your personality do
these dimensions not explain?
What environmental factors might cause
you to exhibit behaviours in one of the
other categories?
Personality Tests
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Complete the various personality tests
provided and answer the
accompanying questions.
What do you think the perfect
personality test look like? Brainstorm
some sample questions with a partner
and share them with the class.
Perfectionism
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Read pages 210 – 211 and create a
chart that highlights the pros and cons
of being a perfectionist.
What are some of the consequences
for individuals who do not moderate
their perfectionism?
Birth Order
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Complete the handout on Alfred
Alder’s birth order theory
Have a look at the chart on p. 212.
Which category do you fit into? Does it
match your birth order?
What are some of the possible
explanations of why birth order reflects
personality?
Sex & Gender Differences
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Sex – genetically determined
Gender – can be influenced by both
biological and social factors
Do you think a person’s gender can
predict their behaviours?
Sex & Gender Differences
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An Experiment!
Volunteers
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4 females & 4 males
(Rest of class will be observers)
Task
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Create the tallest & most aesthetically
pleasing tower
Sex & Gender Differences
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Volunteers leave room!
Observers
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Create a research question & hypothesis
Create an observation chart with the
following categories:
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Specific behaviours
Specific language used
Facial expressions
Sex & Gender Differences
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Debrief
Read p.213-215 and answer question
#1 on page 215
5.2 Psychology & Behaviour
Factors Influencing Behaviour
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Motivation – reasons why individuals
persevere through a difficult task
Attitude – beliefs/feelings individuals
have that can influence their reactions
Social Thinking – how behaviour can
change depending on the situation
Mental Health – influences perception
of the world and alters behaviour
Explanations of Motivation
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Form groups of four
Read p.217-219
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Complete BLM 5.2 by designating one
person to summarize each explanation
for motivation
then share your summary with the group
Motivation
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Intrinsic Motivation – desire to
perform a task for its own sake
Extrinsic Motivation – desire to
perform a task due to external factors
(reward & punishments)
Negativity Bias – tendency to recall
and react to unpleasant events more
easily than positive ones
Motivation
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Peer Assessment of Collaboration
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Pair with a group member from the
previous activity
Assess their collaboration
Explain what you think influenced them
during the activity
Attitude & Behaviour
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While viewing the following images,
note your reaction & attitude
Attitude & Behaviour
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What was your attitude?
Does it depend on the situation?
Do you know how you got your
attitude?
Attitude & Behaviour
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The Marshmallow Test
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Does this look like a reliable
experiment?
Would it be possible to change
outcomes for the children? How?
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Attitude & Behaviour
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Can attitudes be changed?
The Fun Theory
Piano Stairs
Examine Figure 5.23 on p.222
Which of these theories relate to the
method used in the Fun Theory
experiment?
Attitude & Behaviour
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A challenge!
In a group, plan your own experiment
to see if you can change behaviour
You will be assessed on how well you
individually report your findings, not
the success of your experiment
Social Thinking
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Attribution Theory – belief that a
person’s behaviour is the result of
his/her disposition or an external
situation
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Our interpretations of others’ behaviour
can differ
Social Thinking
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Fundamental Attribution Error –
tendency to overestimate impact of
personal disposition and
underestimate impact of social
influences when analyzing others’
behaviour
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But we don’t make this error when
analyzing our own behaviour
Social Thinking (p.224-227)
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Summarize the findings or theories
from the following researchers in your
notes:
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John Bargh
Viktor Frankl
Paul Ekman
DiClemente & Prochaska
Which is most consistent with your
own experiences?
Mental Health & Behaviour
Mental Health & Behaviour
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20th-century artist, Louis Wain, who
was fascinated by cats, painted the
pictures on the previous slide over a
period of time in which he developed
schizophrenia
The pictures mark progressive stages
in the illness and exemplify what it
does to the victim's perception.
Mental Health & Behaviour
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What might it be like to have a serious
mental illness?
How might it affect one’s behaviour?
How would others react to you?
Create a T-Chart summarizing the
differences between neurotic and
psychotic disorders (p.228)
Mental Health & Behaviour
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Activity – Mental Health Mind Map
Choose one of the following as the
subject of your “map”:
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PTSD
ADHD
Nature-deficit disorder
Sensory processing disorder
Hoarding
Mental Health & Behaviour
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After watching A&E’s “Hoarders”
respond to the following statement:
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Do “reality” TV shows like this do more
harm than good with respect to
educating people about Mental Health
issues?
Mental Health & Behaviour
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Article “We are all to blame”
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Stigma: a mark of disgrace associated
with a particular circumstance, quality,
or person
Ethical Issues in Psych
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Watch this clip on the Stanford Prison
Experiment
Read “Canadian Code of Ethics for
Psychologists” on p.234
Why might the Stanford & Milgram
Experiments be considered unethical?
Unethical Experiments in
Psych
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Review the ten unethical experiments
on p.236-237
Rank them from 1-10 with 1=most
unethical & 10=least unethical
Discuss and justify your ranking
What criteria did you use?
The Human Behaviour
Experiments
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Watch the video and answer the
following question:
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In each of the featured experiments,
what was learned about conformity
and/or obedience?
8.1 Psychology & Us
Chapter 8 p.360
Learning Goal – to understand how sociology
influences psychology & how individuals respond
Conformity
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The Asch Experiment p.362
Psychology & Socialization
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Define Socialization:
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Process of learning how to act and
interact in groups and situations
How do you think psychologists view
socialization? (p.364)
Psychology & Socialization
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Activity – Jigsaw
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BLM 8.10: Psychology & Socialization
Psychology & Socialization
AGREE
DISAGREE
Playing video games isolates
gamers
SOMEWHAT
AGREE
SOMEWHAT
DISAGREE
Psychology & Socialization
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How would you research this issue as
a psychologist?
What research questions could you
ask?
Conformity
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“When people are free to do as they
please, they usually imitate each other.”
Eric Hoffer
Conformity
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Conformity – changing your beliefs,
values, attitudes, and behaviour to align
with those around you
Bystander Effect – concept in social
psych that explains why fewer people will
help someone if in a large group
Diffusion of Responsibility – concept to
explain when people assume another will
help so they don’t have to
Conformity
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List four situations in your life where
you did what the group was doing
Look at your classmates and compare
the similarities/differences in their
clothing
What are some possible reasons for
this?
Factors that Affect Conformity
Group Size
2. Group Unanimity
3. Public v. Private Response
4. Self-Esteem
5. Ambiguous Situation or Task
6. Status of Members of the Group
p.370 in textbook
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The Effects of Conformity
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Chameleon Effect – mimicking of the
body language of a person with whom
we are interacting
Groupthink – the effects of collective
pressure on the decision-making
abilities of individual members of a
group
Issues in Youth Conformity
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Who do you think is most likely to
commit violence?
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Summarize research by Peterson,
Lewis, and Pollack that suggests why
young men might engage in extreme
behaviour (p.373)
How Groups Influence
Member Behaviour
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Roles – behaviour a person is
expected to perform for the group
Norms – Behaviours, or rules, that all
people in a group are expected to act
within
Sanctions - positive or negative
reinforcement for breaking/following
the rules of the group