Download Fall 2015 11-10 Chapter 13 Pt 2

Individual Behavior in the Presence of Others
Groupthink – the mode of
thinking that occurs when
the desire for harmony in a
decision-making group
overrides a realistic
appraisal of alternatives
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jpWr45bKWpE
Re-Cap: The Power of The Social Situation
 Social Psychology
Social Relations
How do we relate to one
another?
 Social Psychology
Social Relations
Prejudice – an unjustifiable
attitude toward a group and its
members
 Social Psychology
Social Relations
Discrimination – an unjustifiable
negative behavior toward a group
and its members
How Prejudiced Are People?
How Prejudiced Are People?
Automatic prejudice –
People view a White or
Black face, immediately
followed by a gun or hand
tool, which is then followed
by a mask.
How Prejudiced Are People?
Automatic prejudice –
Participants are more likely
to misperceive a tool as a
gun when it was preceded
by a Black face than by a
White face.
http://www.youtube.com/watch_popup?v=jVDblWOBZGA&vq=medium
Social Roots of Prejudice
Social inequalities –
When resources are
unequally distributed, the
“haves” develop attitudes
that justify things as they
are. For example, slave
owners developed attitudes
about slaves that “justified”
their enslavement.
Social Roots of Prejudice
Ingroup and Outgroup –
People with whom we share
a common identity (ingroup)
and people who we
perceive as different or
apart (outgroup).
Social Roots of Prejudice
Ingroup and Outgroup –
People with whom we share
a common identity (ingroup)
and people who we
perceive as different or
apart (outgroup).
Credit: Sascha Grabow
If a group is like-minded,
discussion strengthens its
prevailing opinions. Talking
over racial issues increased
prejudice in a high-prejudice
group and decreased it in a
low-prejudice group.
Emotional Roots of Prejudice
Scapegoat theory – the
theory that prejudice offers
an outlet for anger by
providing someone to
blame.
Cognitive Roots of Prejudice
Categorization – our
tendency to underestimate
similarities between
individuals in our own
groups, but to overestimate
similarities between
individuals in other groups.
Credit: VizCogLab/University of Victoria
 Social Psychology
Social Relations
Aggression – any physical or
verbal behavior intended to hurt
or destroy
The Biology of Aggression
Genetic, neural, and biochemical influences –
aggression is influenced by heredity; by hormones, alcohol,
and other substances; and by stimulation of neural centers.
Psychological and Social-Cultural Factors
Frustration-aggression
principle – the principle
that frustration creates
anger, which can generate
aggression
Psychological and Social-Cultural Factors
Psychological and Social-Cultural Factors
Observing models of
aggression – observing
aggression increases
aggression.
 Social Psychology
Social Relations
Attraction
The Psychology of Attraction
Mere exposure effect –
repeated exposure to stimuli
in our immediate
environment increasing
liking of these images.
The Psychology of Attraction
 Chapter Review
What do social psychologists study?
How do our attitudes and actions
interact?
Under what circumstances do we
conform? And why do we conform?
How does the presence of others
affect our behavior and thinking?
 Chapter Review
What is prejudice, and what explains
it?
What explains aggression? And
attraction?