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“From the womb to the tomb” DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY Chapter 1-A Developmental Perspective DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY Developmental Psychology _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ Includes physical, cognitive, emotional, and social changes during the life span What are some of the changes that occur over our lives?? How have you changed? LIFE CHANGES PERIODS OF DEVELOPMENT Prenatal Period Infancy _________________________________________________ ____________ Includes the developmental period from birth to about age 2 Childhood Early- preschool years ages 3 through 5 Middle- ________________________ Adolescence Early- ages 12 through14 Middle- ages 15 through 19 PERIODS OF DEVELOPMENT Adulthood Early- 20’s and 30’s Middle-40’s and 50’s Issues include achieving intimacy, career choices, marriage, and potential parenthood. Issues include launching children, changing physical performance, increased freedom, and increased career success Late-60’s and Over Issues include _______________________________________________________ PERSPECTIVES ON DEVELOPMENT Development is Multidimensional Social Emotional Cognitive Physical Development is Continuous Both Heredity and Environment influences development _________vs_____________ Development is Cumulative Development is Variable Development Reflects Gender Differences PERSPECTIVES ON DEVELOPMENT Research Methods Videos 1 Research Methods Video 2 Research Methods Video 3 DATA COLLECTION METHODS Psychologists collect data on development using interviews, case studies, surveys, standardized testing and naturalistic observation Lets take a minute and look at some surveys and how to collect important data. Class Polls DESCRIPTION _______________ technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of people usually by questioning a representative, random sample of people (+) inexpensive / reach many people / specific (-) sampling errors / over and under reporting DESCRIPTION _________________ observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principals close examination of published material DESCRIPTION Population ______________________ All the cases in a group, from which samples may be drawn for a study A sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion Representative Sample A sample which accurately represents a population based on statistics and percentages. DESCRIPTION _______________________ observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation EXPERIMENTATION Experiment an investigator manipulates one or more factors (independent variables) to observe their effect on some behavior or mental process (the dependent variable) by random assignment of participants the experiment controls other relevant factors EXPERIMENTATION ______________ Procedure both the research participants and the research staff are ignorant (blind) about whether the research participants have received the treatment or a placebo commonly used in drug-evaluation studies _______________ an inert substance or condition that may be administered instead of a presumed active agent, to see if it triggers the effects believed to characterize the active agent EXPERIMENTATION Experimental Condition the condition of an experiment that exposes participants to the treatment, that is, to one version of the independent variable Control Condition the condition of an experiment that contrasts with the experimental treatment serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment EXPERIMENTATION __________________________ assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by chance minimizes pre-existing differences between those assigned to the different groups EXPERIMENTATION _____________ Variable the experimental factor that is manipulated the variable whose effect is being studied _____________ Variable the experimental factor that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable in psychology it is usually a behavior or mental process EXPERIMENTATION
