Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
A.P. Psychology Unit 2 History & Research Methods (Modules 1-3) Vocabulary (Note cards) 1. Psychology: Behavior/Mental Processes 2. Nature/Nurture Debate 3. Monism/Dualism 4. Socrates/Plato 5. Aristotle 6. Descartes 7. John Locke: tabula rasa 8. Francis Bacon: Empiricism 9. Wilhelm Wundt: Structuralism 10. Edward Titchener: Introspection 11. William James: Functionalism, Mary Calkins, Margaret Floy Washburn 12. Charles Darwin: Natural Selection 13. Basic Research/Applied Research 14. Clinical v. counseling psychologists 15. Psychodynamic: Psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud 16. Behavioralism: John Watson, B.F. Skinner, Ivan Pavlov 17. Humanism: Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers 18. Cognitive: Piaget 19. Cognitive Neuroscience 20. Evolutionary 21. Behavior Genetics 22. Socio-cultural 23. Biopsychosocial approach 24. Medical Model 25. Critical Thinking 26. Theory/ Hypothesis 27. Operational definition 28. Replication 29. Case Study: Descriptive Research 30. Survey: Descriptive Research 31. Naturalistic Observation: Descriptive Research 32. Sample Selection: Random sample, random assignment, population 33. Correlation Coefficient: Scatterplots 34. Positive/Negative Correlation 35. Illusory Correlations 36. Experiment 37. Single-Blind/ Double Blind Procedure 38. Independent/Dependent/Extraneous Variable 39. Experimental/Control Condition 40. Placebo Effect 41. Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median, Mode 42. Measures of Variance: Range, Standard Deviation 43. Statistical Significance 44. Level of analysis 45. Psychiatry 46. Hindsight bias 47. Scientific method 48. False consensus effect Chapter Notes Modules 1-3: Read and take thorough notes. Be sure to include information from every colored/bolded heading + summarize with data all figures, tables, and side articles. These should be attached at the END of your notes. Guided Reading Questions (GRQ): USE THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS TO HELP GUIDE YOUR READING. BE ABSOLUTELY POSITIVE THAT KNOW THE INFORMATION ASKED ABOUT AND THAT YOU ARE ABLE ANSWER TO EACH QUESTION 1. Define psychology. Explain how psychology applies to daily life. 2. Identify Wilhelm Wundt and William James and outline their schools of psychological thought. 3. Explain how and why psychology changed from the 1920’s through today. 4. Summarize the nature- nurture debate in psychology and describe the principle of natural selection. Give your own personal view of the significance of each in shaping behavior. 5. Identify some of psychology’s subfields, and explain the difference between clinical psychology and psychiatry. 6. Why would psychology need to employ the scientific method? How does this encourage critical thinking? 7. Identify at least two advantages and two disadvantages for each of the three types of descriptive research techniques. You should be able to provide examples. 8. Compare and contrast descriptive research and experimental research. What are the strengths and weaknesses of each type? How does experimentation allow for cause and effect relationships? 9. Explain why psychologists study animals and discuss the ethics of experimentation with both animals and humans. 10. Describe negative and positive correlations and explain how correlation measures can help with prediction. You should be able to provide examples 11. Explain why correlational research fails to provide evidence of cause-effect relationships. How do people form illusory correlations? Give examples. 12. Why are the double-blind procedure and random assignment necessary in an experiment? 13. Describe the three measures of central tendency and tell which is most affected by extreme scores. 14. Identify three principles for making generalizations from samples. 15. Explain how psychologists decide whether differences are meaningful. 16. Describe how personal values can influence psychologists’ research and its application, and discuss psychology’s potential to manipulate people. 17. Discuss whether psychological research can be generalized. 18. In your opinion, is any experimentation justified to advance psychological knowledge? Explain your answer.