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Benchmark I Review
Cell Diversity and DNA Basics
Part I.
DNA Basics
Standards:


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BI5. a. Students know the general structures
and functions of DNA, RNA, and protein.
BI5. b. Students know how to apply base-pairing
rules to explain precise copying of DNA during
semiconservative replication and transcription of
information from DNA into mRNA.
BI1. d. Students know the central dogma of
molecular biology outlines the flow of information
from transcription of ribonucleic acid (RNA) in
the nucleus to translation of proteins on
ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
Standards Explanation:
5.a.-DNA-double helix-contain genetic
info, RNA-single-stranded, copy of a
section of DNA, protein-make up many
parts of the body
 5.b.-Base Pairing Rules-DNA-(A-T, C-G),
RNA-(A-U, C-G, (T)-A)
 1.d.-DNA->mRNA->tRNA->proteins

DNA Basics
Double helix=twisted ladder
 Chromosomes=chains of DNA and
proteins.
 Contains your genetic info (instructions to
make proteins)
 Sequences of DNA=Genes
 Genes=codes for proteins=instructions for
traits

What is the central dogma?

The central dogma describes the flow of
information from DNA to RNA to proteins.
Part II.
Cell Diversity
Standard

1c. Students know how prokaryotic cells,
eukaryotic cells (including those from
plants and animals), and viruses differ in
complexity and general structure.
Standard Explanation

There are many differences in prokaryotic
cells, eukaryotic cells, and viruses such as
size, complexity, and structure.
Cell Diversity
Eukaryotic Cells-complex cells
(plant/animal cells)
 Prokaryotic Cells- “primitive” cells
(bacteria)
 Viruses-considered “nonliving”, need a
host cell to reproduce (HIV)

Prokaryotic Cells vs Eukaryotic
Cells



Bacteria
Do not have
membrane-bound
organelles
DNA is found in the
cytoplasm



Plant and Animal
Cells
Have membranebound organelles
Have a nucleus
(contains the DNA)
Summary Questions:






What is the function of DNA?
What information do genes contain?
Where does the information come from to make
proteins?
Explain the base-pairing rules of DNA and RNA.
Identify the major differences between viruses
and living cells.
Explain how prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
differ.