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Benchmark I Review Cell Diversity and DNA Basics Part I. DNA Basics Standards: BI5. a. Students know the general structures and functions of DNA, RNA, and protein. BI5. b. Students know how to apply base-pairing rules to explain precise copying of DNA during semiconservative replication and transcription of information from DNA into mRNA. BI1. d. Students know the central dogma of molecular biology outlines the flow of information from transcription of ribonucleic acid (RNA) in the nucleus to translation of proteins on ribosomes in the cytoplasm. Standards Explanation: 5.a.-DNA-double helix-contain genetic info, RNA-single-stranded, copy of a section of DNA, protein-make up many parts of the body 5.b.-Base Pairing Rules-DNA-(A-T, C-G), RNA-(A-U, C-G, (T)-A) 1.d.-DNA->mRNA->tRNA->proteins DNA Basics Double helix=twisted ladder Chromosomes=chains of DNA and proteins. Contains your genetic info (instructions to make proteins) Sequences of DNA=Genes Genes=codes for proteins=instructions for traits What is the central dogma? The central dogma describes the flow of information from DNA to RNA to proteins. Part II. Cell Diversity Standard 1c. Students know how prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells (including those from plants and animals), and viruses differ in complexity and general structure. Standard Explanation There are many differences in prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells, and viruses such as size, complexity, and structure. Cell Diversity Eukaryotic Cells-complex cells (plant/animal cells) Prokaryotic Cells- “primitive” cells (bacteria) Viruses-considered “nonliving”, need a host cell to reproduce (HIV) Prokaryotic Cells vs Eukaryotic Cells Bacteria Do not have membrane-bound organelles DNA is found in the cytoplasm Plant and Animal Cells Have membranebound organelles Have a nucleus (contains the DNA) Summary Questions: What is the function of DNA? What information do genes contain? Where does the information come from to make proteins? Explain the base-pairing rules of DNA and RNA. Identify the major differences between viruses and living cells. Explain how prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ.