Download Mid-term Review

Mid-term Review
•Metric Practice
•Scientific Method
•Characteristics of Life / Necessities of Life
•Classification / Dichotomous key / Branching Diagram
•Cell Anatomy
•Cell Processes (Diffusion/ Osmosis, Photosynthesis,
Cellular Respiration)
•Cell Cycle - Mitosis and Meiosis
•DNA
•Genetics
•Famous Scientists
The Metric System (work Sheet)
A Standard Measurement System
The International System of Units (SI)
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Length or Distance - Meter (m)
Volume - Liter (L)
Mass or weight - Grams (g)
Temperature - Celsius
Time - 24 hour clock
THE METRIC CONVERSION CHART
(STAIRCASE METHOD - Mixed WS)
Kilo
1000 Hecto
units
100 Deka
units
10
To convert to a smaller unit, move
decimal point to the right or
multiply.
Basic
Unit Deci
0.1 Centi
units 0.01 Milli
To convert to a larger unit, move
units 0.001
decimal point to the left or divide
units
units
Scientific Method
Brain Pop / Scientific Method Quiz
SIX STEPS:
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1. Observation (5 senses), Ask a question.
2. Research Topic
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3. Formulate a hypothesis (If…. Then.. Statement)
4. Experimental Designed to test hypothesis -Identify
Independent Variable -Identify Dependent variable
5. Experimental Procedure
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6. Conclusion - accept or reject your hypothesis
Characteristics of Life (Questions)
1.
3.
2.
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6.
5.
4
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Characteristics of life NOTES
1. All living things are made out of one or more cells
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2. All living things have DNA
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3. All living things obtain energy, make energy,
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use energy and get rid of waste (metabolism)
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4. All living things sense and respond to change
5. All living things reproduce (asexually or sexually)
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6. All living things grow and develop.
Necessities of life: NOTES
1. Air - CO2 and O2
2. Shelter - a place to live
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3. Food
4. Water
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Cell Theory
1. All living things are made of one or more cells.
2. The cell is the building block of life.
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Theodore Schwann
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3. All cells come from preexisting cells.
Rudolf Virchow
Dichotomous Key - Used to identify organisms using a series of
questions describing characteristics
Wacky People Key
1a Two feet2
1b Some other number of feet
3
2a Does not look at all human
4
2b Looks a lot like a human
5
3a One leg 6
3b Three or four legs 7
4a Fly-like Mosk Cara
4b Not fly-like
8
5a Seems to be a girl Rita Nita
5b Not a girl
9
6a Leg is curled , two feet
Ru-ela.Brella
6b Leg is straight, one foot
Giggles
7a Three legs
10
7b Four legs
11
8a Has webbed feet Hex Oculate
8b Clawed feet
12
9a Curly hair, no toes Lugio Wirum
9b Wiggly looking mouth, three toes on feet C. Nile
10a Very long nose, open mouth Elle E. Funk
10b Some other appearance
13
11a Has duck bill, two pinchers
Tri D. Duckt
11b No arms or pinchers
14
12a Has ears, tail, and beak
Grif Leon
12b Four eyes on stalks
Eggur Ondy
13a One eye, webbed feet
Cue Kide
13b Four stalked eyes, four pinchers
Quadrumenox
14a Three toed feet, nose like a flower
Tunia petalos
14b Spider-like, has spots
Patterned mulywumpus
What is the name
of this creature?
3 Domains / 6 Kingdoms
(Graphic Organizer Brain Pops: Classification and Six kingdoms)
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1. Domain Archaea
Facts:
1. Kingdom Archaebacteria - Prokaryotic/
Unicellular
•First and oldest kingdom on Earth
•Found in extreme environments
•Heterotrophic /Autotrophic
•Some have cell walls (capsules)
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2. Domain Bacteria
2. Kingdom Eubacteria - Prokaryotic/ Unicellular
Facts:
•Found everywhere
•May make you sick
•Used in the making of Cheese and Yogurt
• Helps make Vitamin K
•Helps in the digestion of food
•Some have cell walls / capsules
•Reproduce Asexually
(binary fission) conjunction
•Decomposer
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3. Domain Eukarya - Eukaryotic
3. Kingdom Protista
Facts:
Autotrophic /
Heterotrophic
4. Kingdom Fungi
Heterotrophic / Decomposer
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Multicellular except yeast
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Cell wall - (Chitin)
Unicellular
5. Kingdom Plants
Facts:
6. Animals
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All Autotrophic
Cell wall (cellulose)
Multicellular
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Facts:
Most complex, Last to appear on
Earth
Heterotrophic
Multicellular
Carolus Linnaeus
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• Father of Taxonomy
• Binomial Naming System (Genus and
Species)
Robert Hooke
• Invented the microscope,
• First to use the word “cell”
• Thought that only plants had cells.
Anton von Leeuwenhoek
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• First to see blood cells and
bacteria using a microscope
Gregor Mendel
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• Father of Genetics
• All cells had two sets of
instructions, one coming from each
parent
• Used words dominant and
recessive
Rosalind Franklin
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• Took first x-ray of DNA
• Discovered that DNA was in a spiral
shape
James Watson and Francis Crick
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• Built first model of DNA
• Won Nobel Prize
Cellular Organization
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Cells
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Organ Systems
Tissues
organs
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Organisms
Compare and Contrast the Plant and Animal cell
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PLANT CELL
SAME
ANIMAL CELL
Cell Anatomy
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Differences between Plant and Animal cell
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Plant cell has a chloroplast
Plant cell has a cell wall
Plant cell has a large central vacuole
Plant has rectangular shape
Organelles’ Function
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Nucleus
Control Center of the cell
Holds the DNA in a eukaryotic cell
Holds the nucleolus
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Transportation of protein and other
substances inside the cell
• Two types; Rough (with ribosomes) and
Smooth (without ribosomes
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Organelles’ Function Cont.
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Ribosomes
Site of protein synthesis
Lysosome
Vacuoles filled with digestive juices
which dissolve bacteria and waste
Golgi Complex AKA Golgi Apparatus, Golgi Body
Transportation of substances outside of
the cell (vesicle)
Mitochondria
Energy (ATP)producer of the cell
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Organelles’ Function Cont.
• Chloroplast
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• Found in autotrophs, site of photosynthesis
• Cell wall
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• Found in plants (cellulose), and fungi (chitin), provides
structure
• Vacuole
• Large in plants and small in animal cells
• Cell Membrane
• Boundary of cell, allows certain substances in
and keeps certain substances out
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Cellular Processes
Passive Transport - NO ATP Required
Diffusion - Molecules go from an
area of high concentration to an area
of low concentration.
Osmosis - Water (H2O) molecules go from an area of
high concentration to an area of low concentration
through a semi permeable membrane
Facilitated Diffusion - Molecules move from an
area of high concentration to an area of low
concentration using protein channels through the
cell membrane
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Cellular Processes Cont…
Active Transport - ATP Required
Endocytosis – The active transport process by which a cell surrounds a
large particle, such as a large protein, and encloses the particle in a vesicle
to bring the particle into the cell.
Exocytosis – The active transport process by which a vesicle filled with
wastes makes its way to the side of the cell and spills out the waste.
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Photosynthesis - Chloroplast
A process that allows plants to capture light energy
from the sun and change it into food
Water + Carbon dioxide + Light Energy
6H20 +
6CO2 +
Light Energy
Glucose + Oxygen + Water
C6H12O6 + O2 + H20
Cellular Respiration - Protista, Fungi, Plant, Animal
Mitochondria
During respiration, cells use oxygen, and sugar to make energy (ATP) and
carbon dioxide gas.
Carbon Dioxide
Glucose
Water
Oxygen
Energy
Glucose + Oxygen + Water
C6H12O6 + O2 + H2O
Carbon dioxide + Water + ATP
CO2
+
H 2O +
ATP
Connection between Photosynthesis and Cellular
Respiration
(Flow Chart)
Cell Cycle - Body Cells
1 Diploid Body Cell
2 Diploid Body Cells
1. Interphase 2. Mitosis (4 parts) 3. Cytokinesis
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Mitosis 4 Steps
Interphase
1. Prophase
4. Telophase
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2. Metaphase
4. Anaphase
Meiosis - Sex Cells
1 Diploid Body Cell
4 haploid Sex Cells
1 diploid body cell
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4 haploid sex cells
DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Genetic Material
Located in Nucleus of Eukaryotic Cells
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Base Pairs:
Genes
Adenine - Thymine
Cytosine - Guanine
Genetics - the study of how traits are inherited
.
Vocabulary Review Genetics Practice Problems
Heredity - passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring
Characteristics - inherited from parents to offspring
Genes - one set of instructions for an inherited trait from each parent
Dominant - the trait that seems to cover up another trait. (T)- Capital
letter
Recessive - the trait that was covered up by the dominant trait or seemed
to disappear. (t)- Lower case letter
Purebred or Homozygous - organism that always produces the same
traits in its offspring. (RR) or (rr)
Hybrid or heterozygous- not pure. (Rr)
Alleles - Letters which represent a trait. Come in pairs one from each
parent.
Co-dominance or incomplete dominance - Each allele has equal influence
Blending occurs
Types of Diagrams
Pedigree Chart
Branching Diagram
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Punnett Square
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