Download Grade 5 Chapter 1 Notes

Chapter 1: Plants and
Their Parts
Aim: What are Plant
characteristics?
Plant Characteristics
Plants have leaves, branches, stems or
trunks, roots
 Cells contain chlorophyll
◦ Aids in making food
◦ Makes plants green
 Cells work together to keep the plant
alive
 Plants are made up of different kinds of
cells

 Each
cell has a different job to keep
the plant alive
 Example: Cells in stems, branches, and
roots form tubes through which the
food and water are transported
through the plant
 Groups of cells are organized into
tissues
◦ Example: “strings” in celery
 All plants have a cell wall
Aim: What are the
parts of the plant cell?
Parts of Plant Cell
Cell wall
◦ Rigid structure surrounding the
plant cell
◦ Provides support and protection
2. Cell Membrane
◦ Holds the cell together
3. Chloroplast
◦ Contains chlorophyll
1.
Vacuole
◦ Stores food, water and wastes
5. Mitochondrion
◦ Gives the cell energy
6. Nucleus
◦ Cell control center
◦ Directs everything the cell does
4.
Aim: What is the
difference between
vascular and
nonvascular plants?
Classification of Plants
 Plants
are classified based on
characteristics
 Two Major Groups:
1. Vascular Plants
 Tubes transport water and food
 Tubes are called vascular tissue
 Examples:
 Trees
 Ferns
2. Nonvascular Plants
◦ do not have tubes
◦ Examples:
 Mosses
 liverworts
Aim: What are the divisions
of the Plant Kingdom?
 The
smaller the group, the more
closely related the plants.
 The larger the group, the least alike
they are.
 Vascular Plants
◦ Divided into two divisions
1. Seedless Vascular Plant
◦ Examples: horsetails, ferns
2. Seed Plants
◦ Examples: conifers, flowering
plants
Aim: Why are animals
different from plants?
Animals
Cannot make their own food
 Can move from one place to another
 All animals are grouped in the Animal
Kingdom
 Two Major Groups: (Phylum)

1. Invertebrates

Don’t have backbones
2. Vertebrates


Have backbones
There are classes within each group
Classes
Invertebrates
 Sponges
 Flatworms
 Sea
Anemones
 Crustaceans
Vertebrates
 Fish
 Birds
 Reptiles
 Amphibians
 Mammals
Animal Cell

Has some of the same parts of a plant cell
◦
◦
◦
◦
Vacuole
Mitochondrion
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Does not have a cell wall
 Does not have chloroplast and chlorophyll

Aim: What are the other
kingdoms of living things?
Fungus Kingdom
 May
be one-celled or many
celled
 Doesn’t make food like plants
 Doesn’t eat food like animals
 Absorbs food from dead
organisms and environmental
wastes
 Grows in damp places
3
Groups of Fungi
1. Yeasts, morels, mildews
2. Molds
3. Mushrooms, smuts, rusts
Uses of Fungi
 Some
have great flavors
 Some contain chemicals to help
fight diseases
 Help bread to rise
◦ yeast
 Fungi
in soil break down
decaying plants and animals
Dangers of Some Fungi
 Some
are poisonous
 Can cause athlete’s foot
 Spoil food
 Coat bathroom tiles and walls
with smelly black or white fuzz
◦ mold
Protist Kingdom
 Some
microscopic
 Some single-celled
 Most live in water and others on
land
 Some search for food
 Some contain chlorophyll and
make their own food
◦Example: algae
 All
have nucleus, surrounded by
a membrane
 5 groups of Protists
1. Slime molds
2. Diatoms
3. Dinoflagellates
4. Green algae
5. Euglenas
Bacteria Kingdom
 Single-celled
organisms with no
nucleus
 Microscopic
 Some cause disease
 Some are needed for animals
and plants to survive
 Some group together in clusters
2
kingdomsof Bacteria
1. Ancient Bacteria
 One kind lives in cows to
help digest the grass
2. True Bacteria
 Some cause disease
◦ Strep throat
◦ pneumonia
 Some found in spoiled food
Aim: How do roots, stems and
leaves help plants survive?
Roots
 Some
roots are food
 Beets, carrots, sweet potatoes
 Anchor plant to ground
 Some plants have root-like structures
to anchor them (mosses)
 Draw up water and minerals from soil
 Store food
Stems






Support leaves and flowers
Help leaves receive sun
Hold transportation system
Phloem-moves food from leaves to other
parts
Xylem-moves water and minerals from
roots
Cambium-separates phloem and xylem
Leaves
 Come
in all shapes and sizes
 Makes food
 Cells contain chloroplasts
 Need sunlight, water, minerals and
CO2 to make food
 Some leaves protect the plant
◦ Spines on cactus
 Store food
 Help roots take in watertranspiration
Aim: What are the parts of plant
roots?
Parts of the Root
Xylem:
◦ Tissue through which water and
minerals flow up through the plant
2. Cortex:
◦ Stores food
◦ Located just inside the Epidermis
3. Epidermis
◦ Outermost layer of a root, stem or
leaf
1.
4. Root Cap:
◦ Protects the root tip as it grows in the soil
5. Root Hairs:
 Threadlike particles on the surface of root
 Water and minerals enter through the
hairs
6. Cambium:
 Separates the xylem from phloem
 new xylem and phloem grow
7. Phloem:
 Tissue which transports food from leaves
to plant
Aim: How do stems differ?
Some are soft and delicate
 Some are hard and tough
◦ Woody stems covered by bark
 Some stems store food for the plant
 Example: potato
 Cactus stem stores water
 Some stems help make the plant’s food
◦ Example: asparagus
 Strawberry stems grow along the ground

Aim: What are the parts of the
leaf?
Parts of a Leaf
1.
◦
2.

3.
◦
4.
◦
5.
◦
Epidermis:
outermost layer of the leaf
Cuticle: secreted by the epidermis
Keeps water from leaving the plant
Chloroplasts:
green food factories
Stomata:
tiny pores in which air enters
Guard Cells:
open and close each stomata
Aim: What is the difference
between photosynthesis and
respiration?
Photosynthesis
 Plants
use light energy to make food
 Sunlight strikes the leaf and
chlorophyll helps the plant make its
food
 Chloroplasts have CO2 and water
which change into sugar and
oxygen, with the help of the sunlight
 The sugar is transported through the
veins to other parts of the plants
Respiration
 Animals
need oxygen to breath
 Plants need the CO2 released by
animals
 Plants and animals use oxygen
to break down sugar to produce
energy, water, and CO2