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Virus Quiz 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Are Viruses living? Why or Why not. Explain the 2 ways viruses reproduce. Can viruses infect animals, plants and bacteria? Draw and label a bacteriophage List 4 examples of viruses or diseases caused by viruses You have 20 minutes General Protozoa Info -Eukaryotic organism / Protista Kingdom -Single Celled or Multi-Celled -About ½ of known species are extinct (fossils) -Free living, colonial or parasitic -“Catchall kingdom..” Simple Creatures? Simplest Eukaryotes? As a whole; simple (compared to humans) On a cellular level; complex (no specialization) carry out ALL FXNs General Characteristics (How are they classified) Animal Like (heterotrophs), Plant Like (photosynthesis) or Fungus Like (decomposers) Where do they Live? aquatic environments (water, soil, body fluids) How they move? Flagella (Zooflagellates {Giardia & Trichonympha} Pseudopodia (Amoeba, Forams) Cilia ( Paramecium) No movement- plasmodium, apicomlexans movements 17.4 Graphic Organizer Cell Wall Euglenoids Dinoflagellate Diatom Seaweed Brown Algae Seaweed Red Algae Seaweed Green Algae Photosynthetic Pigments Structure Examples Protist Drawings and Microscopy! 10X- Euglena Eyespot Green- photosynthesis PLANT LIKE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Magnification Name of Organism Key Characteristics Movement Classification What you need for each Slime Molds! 1.Plasmodial 2.Cellular 3.Water molds 4.Downy Mildew 17.3 Slime Molds • Not “mold” (type of fungus) • Plasmodial Slime Molds – Single mass of cytoplasm with many nuclei – Thrive in moist areas of decaying matter – Pseudopodia engulf organic matter (streaming) – Water/food shortage – fruiting bodies (sporangia) • Meiosis produces haploid spores • Good conditions – spore release active haploids, fuse together to form diploid zygotes new plasmodium Cellular Slime Molds • • Also decomposers Both unicellular and multicellular life cycles – – – 3 life cycles (individual, colony and spore) Most of time- amoeba like haploid cells Scarcity of food- form colony (multicell) • – Secrete chemicals Form haploid spores (asexual) Both asexual and sexual Water Molds & Downy Mildews • Different from slime molds but fungal-like – Still heterotrophic & fungus like – Water Molds- freshwater, decompose & parasitic on gills or skin • • – Unicellular or branching filaments Reproduce sexually (motile spore w/flagella) Downy Mildew- some parasitic (potato famine) • Asexual and sexual 17.4 Algae & Algae Like • Photosynthetic Protists (plant like) – – – Chloroplasts Unicellular, colonial, multicellular Asexual and sexual mechanisms Classified by : – – – – Cell Wall, Types of Photosynthetic Pigments, Structure, Storage Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acid Euglenoids Single Celled – – – – – – – 1-2 flagella Lack cell walls Chloroplasts for photosynthesis Live in freshwater Plasma membrane- tough and flexible Eyespots Can be heterotrophic if needed Dinoflagellates • • • Unicellular Photosynthetic Cell wall made out of cellulose • • • • • 2 perpendicular flagella (dinos) Freshwater & saltwater Phytoplankton and Zooplankton Red-tides Bioluminescence Diatoms • • Glass-like cell wall (silica) Unicellular • Chlorophyll and other pigments (brown yellow color) Freshwater and saltwater Diatomaceous earth • • Seaweeds • • • Large, multicellular marine algae Lack true roots and vascular systems Brown, Red or Green algae – • • Based on types of pigments Rich in essential minerals Polysaccharides – Food thickeners, cosmetics, agar! Brown Algae • • • • Biggest and most complex Chlorophyll and accessory pigments Rocky shores Kelp w/Holdfasts Red Algae • • Warm coastal waters Red pigment along with chlorophyll • Deepest water (red absorbs blue and green light) Depend on water currents to bring gametes together • Green Algae • • • Unicellular, colonial and multicellular Green chloroplasts Marine and fresh (mostly fresh) – Chlamydomonas • – Single celled Volvox • – Colonial Ulva • • • Multicellular Cellulose cell walls, starch for food storage Asexual and sexual – Flagellated gametes 17 Origin of Eukarya • Endosymbiosis– chloroplasts and mitochondria evolved from small symbiotic prokaryotes that lived within other, larger host cells. • Evidence – present-day mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar to prokaryotic cells in a number of ways. • • • contain DNA, RNA, and ribosomes, which resemble prokaryotes mitochondria and chloroplasts copy their own DNA and reproduce within the host cell by a process resembling the binary fission of prokaryotes. Endosymbiosis