Download 15-3: Darwin Presents His Case Notes

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15-3: Darwin Presents
His Case Notes
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Natural Variation*
 Natural Variation: differences
among
individuals of a species.
 E.g. some
cows make more milk than others,
some plants make larger plants than others etc.
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Artificial Selection
(aka Selective Breeding)
 Artificial
Selection:
selection by humans for
breeding of useful traits
from the natural
variation among
different organisms.
 Selected
only useful
variations.
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Evolution by Natural Selection
 Struggle
for Existence: competition
amongst species for living resources (food,
water, space etc.)
 Survival
of the Fittest: Individuals that are
better suited for their environment survive
and reproduce most successfully (aka
natural selection).
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Survival of the Fittest
 Fitness: organism’s
ability to survive and
reproduce in its environment.
 Adaptation: inherited
characteristic that
increases chance of survival (physical or
behavioral).
Over time, natural selection = changes in
the inherited characteristics of a
population which increase a species’
fitness.
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What does survival of the fittest
look like?
https://vimeo.com/24156392
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Descent with Modification
Descent
with Modification:
Principle that each living species has
descended, with changes from other
species over time.
 Common
Descent: principle that all
living things have a common ancestor.
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Peppered Moth Simulation Activity
(Birdseye View)
1.
Explain how the color of the moths increase or
decrease their chance of survival.
2.
Explain the concept of survival of the fittest
(natural selection) using moths as an example.
3.
What would happen if there were no predators in
the forest?
http://peppermoths.weebly.com/
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Watch North America
 Number
your paper from 1-5 in your
notebook (skip 3 lines).
 Name
at least 3-5 different organisms
mentioned during the video and include
one way they have adapted to their
environment and how it helps them.
 (ex. Monarch
butterfly- wing color is best
in their environment in order to be
camouflaged from predators)
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Evidence of Evolution
The
Fossil Record
 Fossils
from
different layers of
rock can show how
a species has
changed and
produced different
species over time.
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 Geographic
 When
Distribution of Living Species
living under similar ecological conditions
on different continents, animals with different
ancestors may evolve common features.
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Homologous
 Structures
Body Structures
that have different mature
forms in different organisms but develop
from the same embryonic tissues.
 Similarities and differences help group
animals by how recently they shared a
common ancestor.
 Vestigial Organs: organs that serves no
useful function in an organism (e.g.
appendix, tailbone etc.)
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Checking for Understanding
1.
What is fitness?
2.
What is the process called if a farmer
breeds only his/her BEST livestock?
3.
In humans, the pelvis and femur are
involved in walking. In whales, the pelvis
and femur are
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