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Propaganda The meaning and usage in George Orwell’s Animal Farm What is Propaganda? • Propaganda is generally an appeal to emotion, not intellect. • It shares techniques with advertising and public relations, each of which can be thought of as propaganda that promotes a commercial product or shapes the perception of an organization, person, or brand. • Post World War II usage the word "propaganda" more typically refers to political or nationalist uses of these techniques or to the promotion of a set of ideas. Techniques of Propaganda • Common media for getting across to people the propaganda messages include • news reports • government reports • historical revision books • leaflets • movies, radio, television • Emails and blogs. Types of Propaganda Ad hominem: Attacking the opponent personally instead of their ideas Types of Propaganda • Ad nauseam tireless repetition of an idea; slogan Types of Propaganda • Appeal to Authority Shows important people to support a position, idea, argument, or course of action. Types of Propaganda • Appeal to fear Types of Propaganda • Appeal to Prejudice Based on race, ethnicity, social-class Types of Propaganda Bandwagon: This technique reinforces people's natural desire to be on the winning side. This technique is used to convince the audience that a program is an expression of an irresistible mass movement and that it is in their best interest to join. Types of Propaganda • Common man The "'plain folks'" or "common man" approach attempts to convince the audience that the propagandist's positions reflect the common sense of the people. Propaganda used in Animal Farm • • • • • • Old Major’s original speech (pg.3-8) Mystery of the milk (pg.16, 22-23) The apples for the pigs (pg.23) The military decorations given (pg.28-29) The debate over the windmill (pg.33-34) Squealer talking to the animals about Napoleon seizing control of the farm (pg.36-37) • Squealer explaining the idea of the windmill being Napoleon’s idea. (pg.38) Propaganda used in Animal Farm • The sheep repeating “Four legs good, two legs bad” throughout the 2nd half of the novel. • Animal Farm trading with humans (pg.42) • The pigs moving into the farmhouse (pg.44) • Blaming Snowball for the ills of the farm (pg.46,51-53,59) • Ending the song of “Beasts of England” (pg.54) • Napoleon conferring a medal upon himself (pg.68) • Boxer being taken by the knacker (pg.81) Examples of Propaganda