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Transcript
1914-1918: The World at War By: Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley H. S. Chappaqua, NY And Mrs. Sophia Caramagno Mountain View H.S. Mountain View, CA WWI Part 1: Mobilization and Recruitment HW: complete Research Log by Friday 3/15 (1 text source, 2 online sources minimum) Objective: We will analyze types of war propaganda and evaluate its effectiveness 3/13/13 When we left off….. Nations were already planning for war Austria-Hungary had plans in place to invade and take Serbia. Germany was ready to invade France and take back the disputed Alsace-Lorraine region. Both nations only needed an excuse to put their plans into action! The Schlieffen Plan This German plan was designed to capture the Alsace-Lorraine region early and to defeat France before Russia could mobilize. Belgium got caught in the middle. The Germans aren’t quite fast enough to end the war this early and Russia Mobilizes faster than they expected. German Atrocities in Belgium Reports of German attacks on innocent civilians fuels others to fight! Mobilization Promises: The Girls will Love you! Home by Christmas! No major war in 50 years! This is your one shot at glory! Nationalism! Soldiers Mobilized 14 12 Millions 10 8 6 4 2 0 France Germany Russia Britain How do you get so many people to VOLUNTEER for war? Wartime Propaganda Or How to get a generation of young men to agree to die for almost nothing! What is Propaganda? Propaganda: an advertisement that attempts to spread ideas or promote a cause. It is manipulative and emotional. Emotional people don't use reason. They just react. That is the idea behind most Propaganda. Recruitment Posters A Young Australian Recruit This glamour shot was designed to show how brave and noble the soldier is and to make his family, friends and sweetheart feel proud of him. Recruits of the Central Powers A German Soldier Says Farewell to His Mother AustroHungarians Images like these filled newspaper, movies, song covers, book covers, magazines and other media. New French Recruits What propaganda have these guys heard to make them So Happy? A German Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier While propaganda was aimed at adults, children felt its effects too. When this boy plays “War” what will his game be like? Types of Propaganda Demonization- Make the Enemy a Monster. Its ok to kill Monsters. In fact, its necessary. Pictures of Austrian soldiers with their features exaggerated grotesquely into the image of a devil or a demon is one example. Another might be a story about French soldiers raping German girls. These are things a normal “good” human would never be or do and there is no question they, the perpetrators, must be stopped! Austrian Menace Russian Spider Scottish “Baby Eating” Cobra Types of Propaganda Lying- Tell people what they want to hear. Or tell them their worst fear. Do whatever it takes. You might say that a battle in Africa was won, even if it was lost, in order to keep up moral and make sure the public continues to support the war. You might claim that your target group is doing things which are threatening, like burning people’s homes, or shooting children even if it is not true. Types of Propaganda Emotional Appeal- Emotional people don't think. They just react. If it is a very good piece of propaganda, it can even guide how you react. Guilt is a big motivator for this type of propaganda. The idea that someone may suffer or be killed because of one’s actions is very compelling. At this time, there was a strong call for young men to do their duty, to show their loyalty to their friends and country. The man that did not do this was a bad man. Appeal to Nationalism Appeal to sense of Obligation Appeal to Protecting the Family Appeal to sense of Duty German And Australian Appeal to the sense that Freedom is Worth Fighting For Appeal to a sense of Guilt Appeal to a sense of Belonging More Propaganda posters Yes, even Jesus and History are on your side. Women and the War Effort Using women in Propaganda Financing the War For Recruitment The Propaganda Fantasy Russian Women Soldiers Reality Munitions Workers The Propaganda Fantasy French Women Factory Workers The Reality German Women Factory Workers Working in the Fields Propaganda... Reality Red Cross Nurses Propaganda... Reality... A Woman Ambulance Driver Women in the Army Auxiliary Spies • • • “Mata Hari” Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle German Spy! Turn to your partner… Tell your partner which type of propaganda you thought was the most effective and why. Use this sentence stem… “The most effective type of propaganda is _____________ because…” Can you think of any propaganda you have seen in the present day? Tell your partner of any examples you can think of and why they are propaganda Propaganda Poster Assignment • Choose one of the following countries. You may ONLY do these countries: France, England, Germany, Russia, and Australia. You must clearly identify your country in your propaganda. • Choose a propaganda technique: Demonization, Lying, or Emotional Appeal. • Create a piece of propaganda for your country. It can be a poster or a newspaper article. • Your propaganda must make the enemy look bad. Make sure you know who your enemy is. France and England are Friends! • Your Propaganda must make your country look good. Don’t mention how many soldiers have died horribly without honor on Your side. •Your poster or article must have a message. Urge people to do something specific like buy war bonds or enlist to fight. • Neatness, accuracy and spelling count.