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8.L.5 Understand the composition of various substances as it relates to their ability to serve as a source of energy and building materials for growth and repair of organisms. 8.L.5.1 Summarize how food provides the energy and the molecules required for building materials, growth and survival of all organisms (to include plants). Food provides molecules that serve as fuel and building material for all organisms. Organisms get energy by oxidizing their food, releasing some of its energy as thermal energy. All organisms are composed of cells-a group of organelles working together. Most organisms are single cells; other organisms, including humans, are multi-cellular. Cells carry on the many functions needed to sustain life. They grow and divide (mitosis or meiosis), thereby producing more cells. This requires that they take in nutrients, which they use to provide energy for the work that cells do and to make the materials that a cell or an organism needs. Cell (Plasma) membrane is selectively permeable, controlling what enters and leaves the cell. Sugars to produce energy for the cell are broken down in a process that uses oxygen and produces carbon dioxide and water. Cells lacking internal membrane-bound structures are called prokaryotic cells. The cells of most unicellular organisms such as bacteria are prokaryotes. Cells that contain membrane-bound structures are called eukaryotic cells. Most of the multi-cellular plants and animals we know have cells containing membrane-bound structures and are therefore called eukaryotes. The membrane-bound structures within eukaryotic cells are called organelles. Each organelle has a specific function for cell survival. 8.L.5.2 Explain the relationship among a healthy diet, exercise, and the general health of the body (emphasis on the relationship between respiration and digestion). Talk with a partner to see if you can remember the answers to these questions. 1.What is photosynthesis? the process of changing light energy to chemical energy Talk with a partner to see if you can remember the answers to these questions. 1.What is photosynthesis? 2.Why is photosynthesis necessary for humans? 3.What is cellular respiration? 4.Why is cellular respiration necessary for humans? Talk with a partner to see if you can remember the answers to these questions. 2. Why is photosynthesis necessary for humans? We cannot make our own food (glucose, energy), we must get our food from plants. Plants are the first step in the food chain. Talk with a partner to see if you can remember the answers to these questions. 3. What is cellular respiration? the breakdown of glucose molecules to release energy Talk with a partner to see if you can remember the answers to these questions. 4. Why is cellular respiration necessary for humans? It provides cells (our bodies) with energy to do everyday tasks! Because PHOTOSYTHESIS happens and because CELLULAR RESPIRATION happens Think IF gives PHOTOSYNTHESIS CELLULAR RESPIRATION IF Pair Pair gives Get with a partner and talk PHOTOSYNTHESIS about what your thoughts CELLULAR are. Write downRESPIRATION your thoughts and be prepared to share them with the class. Share IF gives PHOTOSYNTHESIS Share CELLULAR RESPIRATION Let’s see what you thought! Nutrition Our goals this week are • To get you to think about what you take into your body •To get you to think about what makes/keeps you healthy •To arm you with information about what good health choices are available •To learn about the consequences of unhealthy lifestyle and food choices What is a healthy diet? A healthy diet is one that gives our bodies what we need to function (energy). It means we take in foods that provide the nutrients, fiber, and water that we need to keep our bodies working. •Voluntary Processes (Running, Talking, Reading, etc) •Involuntary Processes (Breathing, Heart Beating, Eyes blinking) Nutrient A chemical needed by an organism in order to live and grow They are used to build and repair tissues, regulate body processes and are used as energy. The essential nutrients for our health include the following: •Proteins •Carbohydrates •Fats •Vitamins •Minerals •Water The Essentials of Dietary Protein Hyperlink 2:46 Proteins What do they do? Needed for growth, maintenance, tissue repair, energy What are the sources? Animal Sources (Meat, Cheese, Eggs, Milk, Fish, Etc.) Plant Sources (Whole Grains, Soy, Seeds, Nuts, Beans) What happens if I don’t get enough? Protein is NOT stored in the body. So if a person does not take in enough in the diet, the following can be the result: •Tissue break down (Your body consumes muscles for energy) •Immunity Decreases •Weakened Cardiovascular and Respiratory Function •Stunted Growth Carbohydrates Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen What do they do? They are used to make glucose which is the fuel that gives you energy and helps keep everything going. What are the sources? Starches Sugars These things are high in calories and low in nutritional value. Eat in moderation! Fruits and Vegetables Breads, cereals, pasta, and other grains Milk and milk products Beans, Potatoes, Rice Foods containing added sugars (cake, cookies, soda, etc.) What happens if I don’t get enough? Your body will consume muscle for energy. You could have low blood sugar which could cause dizziness and weakness. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates is the group name for foods that your body breaks down into sugars. The term sugar does not have to have negative connotations. Sugar gives your cells energy and also helps your body completely metabolize fats. Without enough carbohydrates, you may experience symptoms like lack of energy, nausea and irritability. Carbohydrates are present in a variety of foods, including grains, vegetables, fruits and dairy products. However, simple carbohydrates contain single sugar units that are easily broken down, such as candy, cookies and sodas, that give carbohydrates a bad name because they also are high in calories and fat. Read more: http://www.livestrong.com/article/508484-what-happens-when-someone-eats-toomany-carbs/#ixzz2RgC5ybhM What are Carbohydrates?- Herbalife 2:51 Good Carbs versus Bad Carbs...Get the Truth! 4:51 Fats What do they do? Fats are used for energy, brain development, body insulation, controlling inflammation, blood clotting, and helping you absorb vitamins and minerals. What are the sources? There are two types of dietary fat: Saturated Fat Unsaturated Fat What happens if I don’t get enough? Dry skin, no/little nutrient absorption – (leading to) muscle damage, nerve damage, low immunity, noenergy, hormone imbalances Lipids Lipids, or fats, are water-insoluble substances that include cholesterol, triglycerides and oils. Most foods contain some amount of fat, although this varies widely among different food groups. The types of fats in various foods also vary. Excess amounts of cholesterol, trans fats and saturated fats increase your risk for coronary atherosclerosis, the most common form of heart disease. The "Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2005" recommends that dietary lipids account for no more than 20 to 35 percent of your total calorie intake each day. Read more: http://www.livestrong.com/article/312609-list-of-foods-with-lipids/#ixzz2RgdRUWZg Q1 – Based on the passage above, what are lipids? a. Cholesterol b. Fats c. Calories d. Water Lipids Lipids, or fats, are water-insoluble substances that include cholesterol, triglycerides and oils. Most foods contain some amount of fat, although this varies widely among different food groups. The types of fats in various foods also vary. Excess amounts of cholesterol, trans fats and saturated fats increase your risk for coronary atherosclerosis, the most common form of heart disease. The "Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2005" recommends that dietary lipids account for no more than 20 to 35 percent of your total calorie intake each day. Read more: http://www.livestrong.com/article/312609-list-of-foods-with-lipids/#ixzz2RgdRUWZg Q2 – Lipids should a. Be consumed In moderation. b. Be a large portion of your daily diet. c. Be consumed with water in order to benefit the body. d. Be avoided. Vitamins What do they do? Vitamins boost the immune system, support normal growth and development, and help cells and organs do their jobs. What are the sources? Coming from living matter Vitamins are organic, so they come from plants and animals. What happens if I don’t get enough? Your body only produces Vitamin D, so your diet is important in getting necessary vitamins. Problems that can occur without vitamins include: •Bone weakness/malformation •Low energy •Anemia (low red blood cell count) •Cell damage leading to vision problems, nonhealing wounds, low immunity, and other issues Vitamins The ABCs of Vitamins | HealthiNation 1:05 3:41 Minerals What do they do? Minerals help your body grow, develop, and stay healthy. The body uses minerals to perform many different functions — from building strong bones to transmitting nerve impulses. Some are even used to make hormones or maintain a normal heartbeat. What are the sources? Coming from NONliving matter Minerals are inorganic elements that come from the soil and water and are absorbed by plants or eaten by animals. What happens if I don’t get enough? •Bone development affected or bone lost •Fatigue (low iron) •Anemia •Food not digested properly(leading to malnutrition) •Low immunity •Brain development affected Water What does it do? MANY things! •Makes up over ½ of your body weight! •Transports nutrients to the body. •Transports oxygen to the body (in blood). •Carries waste out of the body (pee and poop). What are the sources? •Fruits and Vegetables •Water •Seltzer •Decaf. Coffee/Tea •Herbal Teas Hyperlink 3:27 What Does NOT Count? Soda (Even diet soda doesn’t count!) Drinks With Calories (Ex. Coffee with Cream) Juices with added sugar(These are high in calories.) Caffeinated Drinks Alcoholic Beverages What happens if I don’t get enough? •Dry mouth, no tears, no urine, no sweating •Difficulty breathing •Other more serious side-effects