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Review Of Chap. 27 World War I 10th Grade Global Causes of WWI: MANIA Militarism Alliance (system) Nationalism Imperialism Assassination Militarism – the overglorification of the military The First Wave of Troops And their replacements Alliance – formal agreement between nations to come to one another’s defense in times of war Nationalism – strong feeling of pride and devotion to one’s country Imperialism policy by which one country takes control of another directly or through economic or political dominance Assassination -To murder (a prominent person) by surprise attack, as for political reasons Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Duchess Sophie (pregnant at time) at Sarajevo on 28th June, 1914. Their funereal procession Propaganda – spreading of ideas or beliefs that help a cause and/or hurt an opposing cause British poster depicting Germans as baby killers Bombers of innocent civilians Users of poison gases And rapists. Propaganda can come in many forms Sometimes it is meant to inspire the home front,….. And other times to dishearten an enemy’s soldiers Propaganda is sometimes patriotic …… What/who is the subject of this poster? What details are visible? Propaganda is sometimes humorous Week #1 British officer as seen by military tailor. Week #2 Week #3 As he actually appears at the front After 3 weeks in the trenches Propaganda is sometimes a lie German soldiers are shown executing Belgian civilians This never happened, but British propaganda turned the world against Germany Propaganda is sometime a half-truth; in this case an actual event is its inspiration, but certain facts are omitted to vilify an opponent. In this case the passenger liner Lusitania was torpedoed by a German U-Boat 1200 civilians died, including 128 Americans Propaganda-Lusitania cont. But what that little piece of British propaganda didn’t admit was that the Lusitania was carrying war supplies to England, thereby making it a legitimate military target. & A cowardly attempt to use civilians to shield those supplies. And the Germans weren’t fooled, they even warned us of their intentions. A New Kind of Conflict The Battle of the Somme from the perspective of a British (Allied) soldier Daybreak: Sunrise (July 1, 1916) Trench Foot 6:00 AM The Commissary serves extra rations Battle of the Somme General Haig sends 14 Divisions ‘over the top’ (210,000 Men) The area separating the trenches is known as “no man’s land” because no one is there but the dead…..and the dying. 7:29 AM No Man’s Land German Trenches Front (facing Allied soldiers) Rear(view from behind) November 15, 1916 November 17, 1916 GAS-GAS-GAS……. If you run away from the fight’in, its called desertion. And the penalty is always death, even if your innocent. In fact some officers look for guy’s to kill to “instill” discipline before a push. “Shellshock” – “Combat Fatigue” The “Great War” or the “War to end All Wars” came to an end at 11 O’clock on November 11th 1918 The 11th hour, of the 11th day, of the 11th month What lay ahead was the Versailles Peace Conference which all sides hoped would establish a lasting peace. But this “peace” came at a price higher than any had ever imaged possible. The Human Cost of WWI Human Lives: Casualties /Killed Soldiers - 37,000,000/15,000,000 Civilians - 5,000,000/1,750,000 Orphans - 10,000,000/ Plague of 1918/1919 - 20,000,000 worldwide (pandemic) Before and After: Verdun: Cloister of the Hotel de la Princerie Before and After: Verdun: Cloister of the Hotel de la Princerie Before and After: Village of Esnes Before and After: Village of Esnes Before and After: Palace of Justice, Senlis Before and After: Palace of Justice, Senlis The Treaty of Versailles: (cause of WWII) 1.) Forced Germany to except full blame for the war. 2.) Germany lost its Navy 3.) Army restricted to 100,000 men 4.) Germany, already bankrupt had to pay England and France 30 Billion dollars worth of war reparations (payments for war damages). Payment of these reparations would begin in 1920 and continue through 1961. 30 Billion equals about ?????? Today. All of this death & destruction and what did it get us… A 20 year intermission from war. And the resumption of conflict in 1939 set the stage for a war even more terrible than the world had yet known.