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Transcript
JUDAISM
Chapter 4
A BRIEF HISTORY OF JUDAISM
• Origins: back 3800 years to Abraham (patriarch) & Sarah
(matriarch) of Israelites
• Abraham
• Isaac
• Esau + Jacob (also known as Israel)
• Jacob (Israel)
• 12 Sons, Joseph
• Israelites in Egypt
• COVENANT: a promise between God & the People
• God is their God, they are God’s people
KINGDOM
• Saul (1st King)
• David (Jerusalem the capital city)
• Bathsheba, wife of Uriah
• Solomon (3rd King)
• Builds the Temple
• Israel in the North
• Judah in the South
INVASION & CAPTIVITY
• Assyrians invade Israel 721 BCE
• Babylonians invade Judah, destroy the
Temple 586 BCE
• Return to Jerusalem 539 BCE
• Maccabean Revolt 164 BCE, rededication
of Temple
• 8 day miracle  Hannakah
BIRTH OF MODERN JUDAISM
•66 CE, Judea ruled by Romans
•Zealots, rebelled, Romans laid
siege to Jerusalem
•Temple destroyed 70 CE
•Christianity & Rabbinic Judaism
survived, but changed
MESSIAH
•Anointed One
•Christ
•Christos in Greek
•Christians accepted Jesus as the
Messiah
RABBINIC JUDAISM
• Halakhic Judaism
• Begun by Pharisees
• Temple destroyed
• New focus: sacred writings
• Synagogues, study houses
• Torah, “the teaching” (instruction)
• The Law
• The Five Books of Moses (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus,
Numbers, Deuteronomy)
• Interpreters of Torah: scribes or rabbis
DIASPORA
•135 CE, Romans expelled Jews from
Judea
•Most Jews scattered, dispersed
outside Israel
•The desire to return to Israel &
Jerusalem is a key aspect of Jewish
history and faith
JEWS IN CHRISTIAN EUROPE
Ashkenazim
• Northern, Central,
Eastern Europe
Sephardim
• Spain, Portugal,
North Africa
• Both groups had immeasurable influence on the
intellectual, economic, cultural and spiritual lives
• Yet: still considered “other” & set apart
JEWISH MYSTICAL MOVEMENTS
Kabbalah
• 12th Century
• Text: Zohar
• Journey into self of each
person
• God indescribable, “Ein
Sof” means “without end”
Hasidism
• 18th Century
• Founder: Israel ben Eliezer
• Communion with God
through prayer, good
deeds, humility, joy
• Humorous stories
• Leaders: “rebbes”