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The First Israelites Chapter 3-1 Early Israelites • Israelites settled in Canaan • Located along the Mediterranean Sea • Canaan is modern day Lebanon, Israel and Jordan Monotheism • Worshipping only one god • Israelites worshipped only one god – Judaism – name of their religion – Jews – name of the people who followed this religion – Judaism had a big influence on other western religions Israelites • Spoke Hebrew • Wrote their beliefs and history in what later became the Bible • Herders and traders Abraham • Left Mesopotamia and brought followers to Canaan • God promised that Canaan would belong to Abraham and followers • “Father of the Israelites” Jacob • Abraham’s grandson • Jacob’s 12 sons were the heads of the twelve tribes of Israel Drought • Means no rain • Drought caused the Israelites to move to Egypt • They became slaves in Egypt Freedom • According to the Hebrew Bible: – Egyptian pharaoh said all Israelite baby boys must be thrown into the Nile – Pharaoh’s daughter found a baby in a basket (Moses) – Moses led the Israelites to freedom – God sent 10 plagues to Egypt – God parted the Red Sea so Israelites could run away Ten Commandments • Moses went to the top of Mount Sinai • Received the laws of God there (Torah) • Covenant – agreement between the Israelites and God (follow God’s laws and He will protect them) • Torah – God’s laws of right and wrong • Ten Commandments – part of the Torah, 10 big rules • Moses with the Tablets, 1659, by Rembrandt Israelites return to Canaan • • • • It took them 40 years to return Moses did not make it back Joshua took over and led them back Took over the Canaanites Judges • Leaders of the tribes • A military leader • Deborah, a woman judge Phoenician Alphabet • Alphabet – a group of letters that stand for sounds • Alphabet made writing simpler and helped people keep records • Phoenicians – Greeks – Romans – the rest of the western world List Jewish ideas that are important in our society now.