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3-1 The First Israelites “FAITH OR FACT” • **DISCLAMER: This chapter deals a lot with religion and religious beliefs that are still active today. Much of what is covered can be difficult to understand and prove because it is based on FAITH, meaning a person’s personal religious beliefs, not FACT. These beliefs are important to us as historians because what people believe causes their actions, therefore effecting history. It is not necessary that your believe what others believe, but it is important to understand others’ beliefs. Who were the Israelites? • Around 1000BC they built a kingdom in Canaan (present-day Israel, Lebanon and Jordan). • The Israelite religion focused on only one God, making it the first major monotheistic religion. • The Israelite religion became known as Judaism. This religion has influenced many other major religions and societies. • Spoke a language called Hebrew From the Beginning • The Israelites history begins around 1800 BC with a man who lived in Mesopotamia named Abraham. • According to the story, he was told by God to go with his followers to Canaan, which would become the Jewish “Promised Land” • Jacob, Abraham’s grandson, and his 12 sons form the 12 Tribes around Canaan. – Tribe – family groups that live and work together • Jacob’s name changes to Israel and it is this name that is given to his descendents. Means “one who wrestles with God” From Slavery to Freedom • A long drought forced many of the Israelites to move to Egypt. • The Egyptian pharaoh enslaved the Israelites (needed people to build the many temples). Exodus • Moses leads the Hebrew and works to free them. • God sends the 10 Plagues to trouble Egypt, forces the pharaoh (maybe Ramses the Great) to free the Hebrews. • The escape from Egyptian slavery is known as the EXODUS (celebrated in the Jewish Holiday Passover) Ten Commandments • Important part of the Torah (First part of the Hebrew Bible) • Laws that were received by Moses on the top of Mt. Sinai • 15? • Explains what God considers right and wrong • Helped shape the ideas of what modern people think is right and wrong The Covenant • Moses also made the Covenant with God. • Said that if the Israelites followed God’s laws that God would protect the Israelites and make sure that they have Canaan as their home land. The Promised Land • After a long and difficult 40 year journey, the Israelites finally reach Canaan (their Promised Land) only to find the Canaanites living there. • Joshua led the Israelites into battle at Jericho, and then 3 more wars. • Judges (including Deborah) than led the Israelites into battle and took over central Canaan • • • • Phoenicians Groups of Canaanites that lived along the Mediterranean Sea. Skilled traders and sailors. Created a calendar. Created an alphabet which influenced the Greeks and Romans. • Invented purple dye. The Phoenicians discovered that crushed shellfish oozed a wine-colored goop. Cloth soaked in this substance turned shades ranging from deep pink to rich purple. Royalty soon chose purple as their favorite hue, so every king and queen needed purple dye. Exit Questions • Judaism was the world’s first _____________ religion, meaning they believed in only ONE God. 1) Polytheistic 2) Monotheistic 3) Dendrocronolistic • The Exodus is the story of the Israelites escape from slavery in _______________, led by Moses. 1) Canaan 2) Mesopotamia 3) Egypt • The __________________ were a list of laws that Moses was given by God. Not only did they lay out rules for Judaism, but also would effect the ______________, which lays out the rules of America. 1) Ten Commandments / Magna Carta 2) Ten Commandments / U.S. Constitution 3) Five Commandments / Defenestration Pact • The Phoenicians created the world’s first _____________, which would influence those of the Greeks, Romans, and therefore us. 1) Alphabet 2) Pyramid 3) Religion