Download Chapter 1: Sources of Democratic Tradition 2000 B.C.E.

Do Now: 8/19/2014
Answer the following in complete sentences:
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
1.Thinking about movies, books, and what
you have learned about history, what do
you know about Greek and Roman
culture?
2. Describe anything you know about their
architecture, mythology, or military.
Do Now: 8/20/2014-8/21/2014
Answer the following in complete sentences:


What makes someone “great”? Think of a
person you know, have heard of, or read
about and describe their qualities? Are
they a friend, parent, role-model, etc?
Who do you think is the “greatest” person
in all of history? Why? What did they do?
Do Now: 8/22/2014
Bias: prejudice in favor of or against one
thing, person, or group compared with
another, usually in a way considered to be
unfair.
Write down the definition above and come
up with your own list of biases you or other
Americans may have about history, sports
teams, music, etc.
Do Now: 8/25/2014-8/26/14
We will be using the terms Upper, Middle,
and Lower class extensively this year.
Give your own definition to define each one
(what salary range or living standard), as
well as three historic or current careers or
professions that you believe fall into each
category.
Upper:
Middle:
Lower:
Chapter 1: Sources of Democratic Tradition
2000 B.C.E.-C.E. 1689 (Notes #3)
Section 1: The Greek Roots of Democracy
I.
The Rise of Greek City-States
A. 750-500 B.C.E., Greeks changed
different forms of gov’t
B. Monarchy—king or queen ruled
C. noble landowners—served as
military defenders
D. middle class—merchants, farmers, and
artisans began to take power
E. This created 2 main city-states: Sparta and
Athens
F. Sparta: very disciplined military society; had a
king and council of elders; only males over 30
could participate in gov’t
G. Athens: importance to individual and citizens’
rights; idea of democracy (people-rule)
originated; set up legislature; women and slaves
could not participate in politics
II. The Persian Wars
A.
by 500 B.C.E., Athens was the wealthiest
Greek city-state
B.
threats from Persians lasted 20 years, but
they were able to withstand and defeat
Persian forces due to support from Sparta
III.
A.
B.
Athens in the Age of Pericles
Athens became the most powerful city
after the Persian Wars
from 460-429 B.C.E., Athens’ economy
thrived and government became more
democratic under Pericles
C.
D.
E.
“direct democracy”—most of the
citizens (free-men) participated in
making decisions
Citizens had to serve on the jury to
make final judgment in a trial; were
paid to serve
Peloponnesian War—lasted 27 years;
Sparta defeated Athens; ended
democracy for a time
Map of Persian War
Greek Philosophers
IV.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Greek Philosophers
thinkers and “lovers of wisdom”
used observation and reason to
figure out why things happened
their focus on ethics and morality
influenced modern science and
Western political thought
Socrates stonemason and
philosopher, used the art of
questioning to find truth and selfknowledge
E. Platostudent of Socrates; believed
that reason led to knowledge

wrote Republicdivided society into
three classes:
-workersproduce the necessities of
life
-soldiersdefend the state
-philosopher kingsrule the state
Example of Greek Writing:
Plato’s Republic
F. Aristotlestudent of Plato; analyzed
all forms of gov’t (monarchy to
democracy) & found problems with
them all

favored constitutional
democracy:”rule of the many” called
polity (middle class)

wrote Politics: rulers must also follow
laws
A Greek Assembly
V. Alexander and the Hellenistic Age
A.
Alexander was tutored by Aristotle
B.
conquered 2,000 miles of territory
and became Alexander the Great
C.
spread Greek ideas
D.
Stoicism: most influential philosophy
after Alexander’s death; founded by
Zeno

preached high moral standards: all
people equal (even women & slaves)

urged people to avoid desires and
disappointment by calmly accepting
life
Alexander of Macedonia
Do Now: 8/26/14
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1.
2.
3.
Use the Roman Empire map on page 24 to answer the
following in complete sentences (Use the atlas, starting on
page 706 if you need help):
The following areas are now these modern
countries: Gaul=_________, Asia
Minor=____________, and
Numidia=__________.
What sea forms the center of the Roman
Empire?
How is the Roman Empire different
geographically than the Greek empire? (use the
map on page 16 to help you).
(Notes #4) Section 2: The Roman Republic
and Empire
Establishing a Republic
A. Rome was a city-state in the center of Italy,
ruled by Etruscan kings and nobles c. 800
B.C.E.
B. In 509 B.C.E., the Romans threw out the
Etruscans and set up a republic where they
chose their own officials
C. Set up a senate of 300 members, all
patricians (landholding upper class)—made
laws
D. Senators elected 2 consuls, who served one
term only, commanded army and business of
gov’t
I.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
During war, senate chose a dictator (ruler)
to control gov’t for 6 months
Cincinnatus—model dictator, organized
army over attacking enemy and returned
back to farm
plebeians (common people) made up most
of Rome, but had no influence on gov’t
in 450 B.C.E., the gov’t wrote down laws in
12 tablets (Laws of the Twelve Tables), due
to plebeian protests
were allowed tribunes (elect officials) to
protect own interests; could veto (block)
unfair lawsconsuls and senate
plebeians gained access to power w/o
going to warthis was adapted by the U.S.
(senate, veto, checks on power)
II.
From Republic to Empire
A.
by 270 B.C.E., Rome controlled almost all
of Italy (Etruscans, Greeks)
B.
Punic Wars—Rome and Carthage (North
Africa) fought three wars with each other

Rome won the first battle

Carthage won the second battle by
invading Italy; led by Hannibal
C. Romans completely destroyed Carthage and
controlled the Mediterranean Sea
J.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
by 133 B.C.E., Rome extended from
Spain to Egypt
conquests of new lands brought riches
and led to problems w/in Roman
society
generals , traders, and officials became
wealthy, but hurt small farmers and
citizens who fought for free in the army
Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus tried to
create reforms to help the poor
senators did not like this and had
Gracchus’ brothers killed
H.
I.
J.
K.
civil war broke out in Rome and Julius
Caesar emerged and took charge
Caesar had just finished the conquest
of Gaul (France) and returned to Rome
and took over the capital and forced
the senate to make him dictator
he became the absolute ruler of Rome,
but put in place many changes to help
the poor
Caesar was killed by his enemies in
the senate, because they feared he
was going to make himself king
L.
M.
N.
O.
P.
Octavian, Caesar’s grand nephew, came to
power; he was given the title Augustus
(Exalted One)
Augustus Caesar ended Rome as a republic
and began the age of the Roman empire
Created a well-trained civil service to
enforce laws; opened high level jobs to all;
and allowed independent gov’t as long as
their allegiance was to Rome
Pax Romana—a period of 200 years that
Augustus’ gov’t set up, a.k.a. “Roman
Peace”
Rome’s territory was stretched from the
Mesopotamia to Britain (size of U.S.)
Q.



R.
S.
III.
A.
During the Pax Romana:
military protected the empire
trade flowed freely from Africa & Asia
People spread ideas and knowledge
emperor Hadrian codified Roman law
emperor Marcus Aurelius wrote Meditations
and became a philosopher-king (Plato’s
ideal)
Roman Law
the legacy of Rome was the establishment
of justice through law, which created
stability and unityborrowed by Europe
and Latin America
B.
1.
2.
C.
D.
E.
Two Systems:
civil law—rules that applied to citizens
law of nations—rules that applied to
people outside of Rome
an accused was presumed innocent
until proven guilty; and judges
interpreted laws and had to be fair
by 400s C.E., the Roman empire
collapsed and the Byzantine empire
took over
emperor Justinian created the
Justinian’s Code—the Body of Civil Law
based on Roman law
F.
G.
IV.
A.
B.
C.
By 1100s, Justinian’s Code reached
Western Europe and were used by
many monarchs
Justinian’s Code is also used in
international law today
Greco-Roman Civilization
Greco-Roman civilization—a blend of
Greek, Hellenistic, and Roman
traditions
philosophy of Stoicism stressed duty
Greco-Roman ideas preserved by the
Byzantine empire and Muslim
scholars
Do Now 8/29/14:
We are studying the creation of laws
throughout history.
You have ten minutes to consider and
write-down what you consider to be the
five most important laws today.
Don’t forget to put today’s date in the
left-hand column of your paper.
Section 3: Principles of Judaism (Notes
#5)
I.
How did Judaism spread?
A. Jews known as Hebrews or Israelites
most of their history comes from the
Torah (sacred text)
B. Abraham (father of the Jews) migrated
from Mesopotamia to eastern
Mediterranean and founded Israel
C. Famine forced them to migrate to Egypt
where they became slaves
D. Moses led them to their exodus or escape
E.
F.
G.
II.
A.
B.
David, a strong and clever king,
unified all tribes and created a one
nation
Solomon, David’s son, created Jerusalem and
was known as wise and understanding
After Solomon died, Israel broke apart
and were conquered by the Assyrians,
Babylonians, and the Persians
How did Judaism differ?
monotheistic—believed in one God
religious beliefs were part of their
social, economic, and political life
They saw themselves as god’s “chosen
people” because they were spreading
God’s teachings
D. Torah also includes laws Jews must
obey
III. What were their Teachings on Law and
Morality?
A. Ten Commandments—brought by
Moses, are a set of basic moral laws
B. Seven Universal Laws—applied to all
people; was an idea of universally
accepted moral and ethical principles
led to human rights today
C.
C.
D.
prophets called on the rich to protect
the poor
Judaism (religion of the Jews) led to the
rule of law and political equality
Do Now 9/3/14 or 9/4/14:
Write the definition and answer the following:
Theocracy: a form of government in which
a country is ruled by religious leaders
1. What are some advantages and
disadvantages in living in a theocracy?
2. What groups might seek a theocratic
government?
3. Could this ever work in the United
States? Why or why not?
Section 4: The Rise of Christianity(#7)
I.
Who was Jesus of Nazareth?
A. Jesus was a descendant of King David and
was believed to be the messiah (a savior
sent by God to lead the Jews to freedom)
B. Jesus followed Jewish laws, went around
preaching the word of God by using short
stories with a moral lesson to
communicate his ideas
C. Jesus’ preaching upset some Jewish
leaders, because he interpreted the laws
differently
He taught the need for justice, morality
and service to others (poor)
 Jewish priests considered Jesus an
insurrectionist and had him arrested
and handed over to the Romans to be
executed by crucifixion
II. How did Christianity Spread?
A. After Jesus’ death, his disciples spread
his teachings throughout the Roman
empire
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B.
C.
D.
Romans were usually tolerant towards
other religions, except Judaism and
Christianity, because they refused to
make sacrifices to the emperor
Romans began persecuting them,
especially when there was trouble in
the empire
Edict of Milan—issued by Constantine,
granting freedom of worship (A.D.
313)
III. How did the Church Grow?
 during the middle ages (A.D. 500-1500),
the Christian church emerged as the most
powerful force in Europe
 clergy—performed religious ceremonies
 Priests were controlled by bishops who
were controlled by the Pope (a.k.a.
patriarch of Rome)



Church splits after fall of Rome—eastern
(Orthodox Churchanti-pope) and
western (Roman Catholic Churchpope)
Roman Catholic Church grew stronger
and began to run gov’t
ideas of Aristotle and other Greek
thinkers were translated into Latin and
spread into Western Europe and
challenged Christian beliefs (faith vs.
reason)

Thomas Aquinas—Christian scholar
(1300s), brought together Christian
faith and Greek philosophystated both
faith and reason existed in harmony
(God ruled over an orderly universe)
Do Now 9/5/14 CURRENT EVENTS
-With a partner (one of you must have
internet access), look up current news
events for the following areas :local or
CA, US (outside of CA), and World
(outside of US)

For each event write a two or more
sentence summary that answers who,
what, when, where, and why or how.
Do Now 9/8
Your task is to write a Five sentence
paragraph describing how democracy has
evolved in the United States since the
country became independent. Make sure
to begin with a thesis sentence. Consider:
-voting rights
-power of the government
-individual liberties
-current limitations of freedom
-our nation’s struggles
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Section 5: Democratic Developments in England
in medieval England, the Christian
church, the nobility, and monarchy
had all the power and wealth
I. How did Royal Power grow?
A. feudalism—a loosely organized system
of rule where powerful landowners
(nobles) divide their land with smaller
land owners (vassals) for protection
due to invasions by Vikings
B. The church and nobles protected their
rights and privileges from the king

William the Conqueror and the Norman
knights took over England at the Battle of
Hastings in 1066 C.E.
D.
in 1154, Henry II came to power and set up
English common law (a legal system based
on custom and court rulings)
II. Evolving Traditions of Government
A.
Henry II got into battles with nobles and
church leaders
B.
John, Henry’s son, was forced to sign the
Magna Carta, or Great Charter in 1215
C.
Magna Carta gave nobles and the church
rights (arrest and imprisonment outlawed
w/o trial)due process of law
C.
Henry’s son, King John, forced to sign
the Magna Carta in 1215.
1. Could not raise taxes w/o consultation
no taxation w/o representation
2. king had to obey laws
D.
In 1200s, the Great Council evolved into
Parliament
E.
Parliament developed into two-houses:
1.
House of Lordsnobles and clergy
2.
House of Commonsknights and middleclass
H. Hundred Years’ War with France from
1337-1453; gave Parliament more power
and put king in check
Henry VIII I am
I am.
III. Triumph of Parliament
A.
From 1483-1603, the Tudor dynasty ruled
England (Henry VIII, Elizabeth I)
B.
Henry VIII broke from Rome and formed
Church of England (Protestant Reformation)
C.
the Stuarts took over and clashed with
Parliament”century of revolution”
D.
absolute monarch—a ruler with complete
authority over gov’t and lives of people
E.
English civil war, 1642-1649, fought by
Charles I and nobles against Oliver
Cromwell and Parliament
F.
Cromwell and Parliament win and execute
the kingimpacted all of Europe
G. England became a republic, known as
the Commonwealth, with Cromwell in
charge
H. after Cromwell’s death, Charles II
came to power, supported by
Catholics
I.
James II, Charles’ brother, became
king in 1685 and installed Catholics in
office
J.
Parliament supported William and
Mary and James II went to
FranceGlorious Revolution
K.
L.
M.
N.
English Bill of Rights—had to be signed
by William and Mary before taking
power
Parliament had power over monarchy
habeas corpus—no prison w/o being
charged
limited monarchy—a constitution or
legislative body limit the monarch’s
powernot a democracy