Download Islam, Judaism & Christianity

Judaism
• religion of just one people: the Jews.
• first to teach belief in only one God.
• Two other important religions developed from
Judaism: Christianity and Islam.
Judaism
• Founder/Prophets/
Important people:
1. Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob
(name changed to Israel)
2. Twelve Tribes (sons of
Israel)
3. Moses
4. David, Solomon
Daniel in the Lion’s Den
• Languages:
1. Hebrew
• Percent of followers in the
world:
– 2%
– Jewish influence on the
world has been vast
-- far more than their
numbers would indicate.
David and
Goliath
Judaism
• Important Teachings &
Beliefs:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Monotheistic
10 commandments
Prayer
Still Awaiting Messiah (Savior)
Holy Book(s): (Old
Testament)
1.
Torah
• First 5 books of Bible
• According to Torah, it is disrespectful to
spell out name of deity (G_ D)
[Yahweh] in full.
2.
Talmud
• record of rabbinic discussions
pertaining to Jewish law, ethics,
customs, and history.
Moses breaks the first set of
the 10 Commandments
Judaism Beliefs
• Jews believe that there is a single God
(Yahweh) who not only created the
universe, but with whom every Jew can
have an individual and personal
relationship.
• They await the Messiah, who will be an
earthly king. They believe in heaven, but
that God determines where they go after
life on earth.
• Ten Commandments is the basic code of
law.
Judaism Briefly
• Judaism is around 3500 years old and is the oldest of
the world's four great monotheistic religions (religions
with only one God).
• It's also the smallest, with only about 12 million
followers around the world.
• Its holy city is Jerusalem.
• The Jewish calendar is based on 29 or 30 days
therefore they have 12.13 months.
Judaism Beliefs
• Jews believe that there is a single God who not only
created the universe, but with whom every Jew can
have an individual and personal relationship.
• They believe in heaven, but that God determines
where they go after life on earth.
• Give a tithe (10%).
• Ten Commandments is the basic code of law.
Judaism
• Jews think that God will send a Messiah (a
deliverer) to unite them and lead them in
His way.
• Christians believe that Jesus was the
Messiah.
– The Jewish people do not agree; they
anticipate His arrival in the future.
Jewish Philosophy
•
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God is one and unique
God is the creator
God is transcendent
God is immanent.
God is lawgiver
God is personal
We have the obligation to worship
The Torah is God's law
God is judge
The Messiah will come.
Judaism Holy Book
• The most holy Jewish book is the Torah (the first five
books of the Christian Bible)
• Others include Judaism's oral tradition, the written
form of which is known as the Talmud.
• The Torah (scroll of teachings) contains the five
books revealed to Moses by God on Mount Sinai.
– Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers &
Deuteronomy
• Another important book is the "Talmud," serving
primarily as a guide to the civil and religious laws of
Judaism.
• Hebrew is read right to left.
Judaism Place of Worship
• Jews worship in
Synagogues or
temples.
• Men and women
usually sit separately.
• Worship is led by a
Rabbi.
• Friday evening is time
for worship.
Stamford Hill, London
The Temple
• According to the Bible, the First Temple for
Jewish worship was built around 900-1000 BCE
and destroyed by Babylonians in 586 BCE.
• The Jews were then sent out of Canaan, but
returned after 50 years in exile.
• A Diaspora occurs when a group of people
leave their homeland and move to many
different locations separately.
• All of the world’s Jewish communities today that
do not live in present-day Israel are part of the
Jewish Diaspora.
The Temple
• A new temple was finished 70 years later on the
site of the First Temple, but was badly
plundered by invading Romans about 54 BCE.
• King Herod, a Jew, ruled Judea for the Romans.
Under him the second temple was rebuilt in 20
BCE.
• When the Romans attacked Jerusalem again in
70 CE(AD), they destroyed Herod’s temple.
• Today, the single remaining temple wall, the
Western Wall, is a place of prayer for Jewish
pilgrims.
• Jews moved away from the land again, until the
modern state of Israel was formed in the late
1940s.
Judaism
• Important Cities
1. Jerusalem
• Major Groups:
1. Orthodox Jews:
• adheres faithfully to the
principles and practices of
traditional Judaism.
2. Conservative Jews:
• modern denomination of
Judaism that arose in United
States in the early 1900's.
3. Reform Jews:
• largest denomination of Jews.
They are more liberal in their
thinking about Judaism.
Samson destroys the
Philistine temple
7 Holy Days
• Rosh Hashanah-Jewish New Year
• Yom Kippur-A day of fasting and praying which
occurs 10 days after the first day of Rosh
Hashanah. The holiest day in the year
• Sukkot-8 day festival of thanksgiving
• Hanukkah-The Feast of Lights is an 8 day Feast
of Dedication. It recalls the war fought by the
Maccabees in the cause of religious freedom
• Purim-The Feast of Lots recalls the defeat by
Queen Esther of the plan to slaughter all of the
Persian Jews, circa 400 BC
• Pesa(Passover)-The 8 day festival recalls the
exodus of the Israelites from slavery in Egypt circa
1300 BCE. A holiday meal, the Seder, is held at
home
• Shavouth-Pentecost recalls God's revelation of
the Torah to the Jewish people
• The Star of David is
the international
symbol of Judaism
• Flag of Israel has it
• Menorah-It is a
symbol of the nation
of Israel and a mission
to be "a light unto the
nations.
• A Yarmulke is worn
during prayer to shoe
respect to G_d
Kosher Foods
• Foods are kosher when they meet all criteria
that Jewish law applies to food
• Characteristics that make a food non-kosher:
– the mixture of meat and milk
– the use of cooking utensils which had previously
been used for non-kosher food
– The type of animal it is
• Leviticus 11:3 says that Jews may eat all animals
that have cloven hooves and chew their cud
• Leviticus 11:4 explicitly prohibited the consumption
of animals that do not have these characteristics
designating them "unclean to you."
• Six mammals are specifically not allowed:
– The camel
– The hyrax
– The hare
– The pig
– Whales and dolphins
• Kosher animals are as follows:
– Cows, goats, sheep, antelope, deer, giraffes, okapis and
pronghorns
– Most fish(excluding shellfish, sharks, octupus, eels and squid)
– Chicken, duck, turkey
– Milk and cheese are kosher but cannot be eaten with meat or
mixed with meat.
• Preparation
– the slaughter of animals is designed to minimize the pain—usually
done by a slice across the throat
– this eliminates the practice of hunting for food unless it can be
captured alive and ritually slaughtered.
– All blood and veins must be removed from meat(salting and
broiling are common methods)
Judaism – Map!
Judaism in 1500 C.E.
Judaism Today
In 1500, located in Europe and
Middle East
Today, located in Israel and U.S.