* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Egypt - mrwilliamsworld
Memphis, Egypt wikipedia , lookup
Plagues of Egypt wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Egyptian funerary practices wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Egyptian medicine wikipedia , lookup
Egyptian pyramid construction techniques wikipedia , lookup
Thebes, Egypt wikipedia , lookup
Index of Egypt-related articles wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Egyptian race controversy wikipedia , lookup
Art of ancient Egypt wikipedia , lookup
Joseph's Granaries wikipedia , lookup
Prehistoric Egypt wikipedia , lookup
Middle Kingdom of Egypt wikipedia , lookup
Instructions • Anything in red (STOP and pay close attention) is critical information and should be copied exactly. • Anything written in yellow (slow down and pay attention) is useful information. You should write it in your notes like a text message. • Anything in green (go on to the next point) you do not have to write. • Any time you see a video with no text it is your responsibility to write notes for it. Egypt Land of the Pharaohs Egypt • Civilization begins c. 3500 B.C.E. – What does the “c.” mean? – What about “B.C.E.”? Circa or “about” Before Common Era • Nile River and Nile Delta in Africa – A delta is where a river empties into a larger body of water in a triangular pattern Egypt • Cairo is the current capital • Ancient capitals were Memphis, Amarna, and Thebes. Egypt • The Nile Delta was where the Hebrews settled during the time of Joseph (aka land of Goshen). Ya, so what? • Why settle along a river? – Because it gave them a fresh water source – It provided some protection – It was good farmland. Detour! Places Using the map provided, locate and label the following locations: 1. Thebes 2. Giza 3. Nile River 4. Nubia 5. Red Sea 6. Libyan Desert 7. Mediterranean Sea 8. Palestine 9. Memphis 10.Lower Egypt or Peoples Using the map provided, locate and label the following groups: 1. Phoenicians 2. Egyptians 3. Palestinians 4. Assyrians 5. Persians 6. Nubians 7. Hittites Education • People who were literate were held in a special place of honor. – What does “literate” mean? • A person who could read or write Education • In the Old Kingdom, fathers would teach their sons • In the Middle Kingdom, schools similar to vocational schools today were set up. Religion • Egyptians were polytheistic – Worshipped many gods • They saw their gods as beneficial and good – Contrast that to the Sumerian gods who were cruel and harsh. Religious Symbols Mummification • Mummification – Much of the religion was focused on the after-life – Mummification was a process used to preserve the body in preparation for the after-life. Statuettes and canopic jars were for the mummy to use in the after-life. Egyptian Government • Originally had 2 kingdoms – Upper Egypt in the south and Lower Egypt in the north • United c. 3200 BC by King Menes – Created a dynasty (hereditary family rule) Egyptian Government • 4 political periods in Egypt – Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, New Kingdom, and Late Period. The Old Kingdom • Old Kingdom was from c. 2650 – 2180 BCE – Why are the dates backwards? • Pharaoh (king) was now a god-king – Stratification of society • Kings, royal family, priests, nobles, and peasants • Old Kingdom was destroyed by civil wars – The nobles rose up against the Pharaoh. Circle of Civilization The Middle Kingdom • c. 2040 – 1760 BCE • This was a time of major contributions to art and literature • Dynasty fell due to civil wars again! The New Kingdom • c. 1570 – 1070 BCE • Was the peak of Egyptian power • Pharaohs included Ahmose, Hatshepsut, Akhenaton, and Tutankhamen. The Late Period • c. 664 – 323 BCE • During this time period, Egypt was ruled by native Egyptians, Persians, and, finally, by Alexander the Great • Death of a once great empire. Technology • Technological advances were seen especially in art and architecture during the Egyptian Kingdoms. • The Great Sphinx was constructed c. 2500 BCE, but no one knows for sure – Nobody really knows what the purpose of the Sphinx was either. Archaeologists speculate that it may have been a temple or object of worship to the sun god Ra or even the pharaoh. The Great Sphinx The Pyramids • Supposedly, the first pyramids were called “step pyramids” • The architect that first designed them (as far as we know) was Imhotep. The Pyramids • Imhotep – Architect of the pyramids in Egypt – Was deified after his death • What does deified mean? • Worshipped as a god – You may remember him from The Mummy The Pyramids • Giza is where a number of pyramids and other structures are found. The Pyramids • Then the other pyramids were constructed as the later architects improved the design • The pyramids were designed to be tombs for the pharaohs to protect their bodies in preparation for the after-life • In later years, the pyramids and other buildings were constructed by Hebrew slaves. The Pyramids • Many of the pyramids have dead ends and traps to protect the pharaohs from looters • They also have star observatories for use by the pharaoh in the after-life. Temple of Ra Trade • Merchants would trade with other countries including Israel, Sumer, Akkad, Phoenicia, and Nubia • Greater trade required more skilled workers and specialization – Means people work at only one job instead of many. The Civilizations of the Levant • Phoenicians – They lived on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea – Sailors and merchants – Out of necessity, they developed an alphabet for accounts and letters of credit. The Civilizations of the Levant • Israel – People called Jews/Hebrews – Were monotheistic • This means? – Their holy book was the Torah Old Testament of Christianity. • This is the ____________ The Civilizations of the Levant • Abram (Abraham) – Came from Ur of the Chaldees (along the Euphrates River) – Led his family and followers to the “Promised Land” – 2 sons – Isaac and Ishmael. The Civilizations of the Levant • Joseph – Had brothers that didn’t like him – Sold into slavery in Egypt – Ended up being vice-pharaoh during the reign of the Hyksos – Helped family in Israel to settle in Goshen, Egypt. The Civilizations of the Levant • Moses – Led Hebrews out of Egypt – Delivered the Ten Commandments. The Civilizations of the Levant • Ark of the Covenant – Stored manna and the 10 Commandments – Was carried in front of the armies of Israel – Was eventually lost…until… The Civilizations of the Levant • Samson – One of the judges (before kings of Israel) Israel • Made their capital in Jerusalem • Built Solomon’s Temple (c. 1000 BCE) • All that is left is the Western (“Wailing”) Wall. The Civilizations of the Levant • After the time of the kings, Israel was overrun by the Babylonians – The “Diaspora” (scattering) of the people of Israel spread Judaism to various parts of the known world. Nubia • Settled in the region of Upper Egypt • What part of the Nile River is this? A. North? B. South? C. East? D. West? B. South – The answer is __________________. Review 1. River civilizations provided benefits for settlers and cities 2. Writing evolved from pictographs to letters 3. Agriculture continued to grow 4. Most civilizations were polytheistic. Review 5. Written laws came into being 6. This is the region of the Old Testament 7. Know the vocabulary from the Word Wall online.