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Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile
Key Terms
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Silt
Cataract
Delta
Dynasty
Pharaoh
Vizier
Geography of the Nile
• Yearly flooding
– Built reservoirs and
irrigation ditches to
store water for the dry
seasons
• Uniting the land
– Upper and Lower Egypt
was united by the Nile
– World’s first unified
state
The Old Kingdom
• Pharaohs organized a strong, centralized state
• Viziers were appointed to look after the
government aspect
• Built pyramids that are still present at Giza
– Many farmers that were not planting were building
the pyramids
• Reasons for failure
– Power struggles
– Crop failures
– Cost of pyramids
http://www.history.com/topics/ancienthistory/videos#massive-stones-moved-tobuild-monuments
The Middle Kingdom
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Nile did not rise regularly
Corruption and rebellions were common
Egyptian armies occupied part of Nubia
Pharaohs created great draining systems
Trading was successful
Hyksos took over the land
The New Kingdom
• Extended to the Euphrates
River
• Ramses II was the most
powerful pharaoh during this
time
– Led his army against Hittites
• After years of fighting, signed the
worlds first peace treaty
• Assyrians and Persians
conquered the Nile region after
Ramses II reign
Egypt and Nubia
• Nubia (Kush) developed to the south of Egypt
• Ramses II took over Nubia and used their
resources to pay soldiers
• When Egypt began to decline, Nubia took over
the land and tried to restore past success
• Assyrians pushed Nubians back into their
homeland
– Use of iron weapons
Questions to Consider
• How did the three kingdoms differ? How were
they the same?
• Were these people nomadic or sedentary?
• Why did pharaohs lose trust with his people?
What events occurred?