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Transcript
Ancient Egypt Time Periods • Old Kingdom – 2700-2000 BC Pyramid Age • Middle Kingdom – 2000-1500 BC Trade Age • New Kingdom – 1500-700 BC Empire Age The Nile • “Gift of the Nile” • Cataract-boulders make river rapid, can’t travel past • Delta-marshy, triangular area of land created by silt deposits at river mouth • Predictable-occurred every July • Annual Harvest-once a year Upper and Lower Egypt • Upper Egypt-located in the southern region – Skinny strip of land from First Cataract to the point where Nile branches out • Lower Egypt-Nile delta region in the north • Nile = transportation – Flows north Egypt Unites into Kingdom • Narmer unites Lower and Upper regions – Evidence of crown, dates to 3000 B.C – Egypt’s first dynasty • Pharaohs Ruled as Gods – Theocracy, ruled Egypt as godking and leader of army – Full responsibility for Egypt’s well-being – Caused sun to rise, Nile to flood, crops to grow, as well as promote truth and justice Pyramids • Ka-pharaoh’s eternal life force that would rule kingdom after his death – Tomb was more important than palace • Built during the Old Kingdom – Reflects civilizations strength and technological advancement • Economic strength, leadership and government organization to carry construction out • 2.5-15 tons, 2 million blocks, 481 feet, 13 acres Religious Beliefs • Polytheistic-more than one god, Re, Osisris, Isis were most important – Over 2000 gods • Believed in a great afterlife that all planned for, Anubis • Mummification-embalming and drying the corpse to prevent decay – Done by royal and elite class – Kings and queens built and put to rest in pyramids – Placed items the dead would need in the afterlife in their tomb • Book of the Dead-scrolls containing hymns, prayers and magic spells intended to guide soul in the afterlife Egyptian Society • Classes formed pyramid – Could move up the pyramid through marriage or skill (read/write) – Women held many of the same rights as men • Own and trade property, propose marriage or seek divorce • Written Records Hieroglyphics- “sacred carving” – First, picture stood for ideas, ten evolved into pictures standing for sounds (almost like letters in our alphabet) • Papyrus-reeds used for writing – Split the reeds, placed into layers, damped and then pressed together – Formed paper-like sheets • Rosetta Stone-used to translate Egyptian hieroglyphics to Greek Achievements • • • • • Sun Screen/Eye Liner - Fashion Ship building – Sail and Rudder Pyramids - Architecture Sculptures Calendar-plan between floods and planting season