Download Schizophrenia - inetTeacher.com

th
6
per Psych I
Tues, 4/26
Please get out:
•Your textbook
•A writing implement
•Your Ch 3, Sec 2 Parts of the
Brain chart
Did you know??
The first longitudinal MRI study of the teen brain, performed at
the National Institute of Mental Health, showed that gray matter
increases just before puberty begins. Gray matter is where
thought takes place in the brain. The production of gray matter
occurs in the area of the frontal lobe and it continues to thicken in
the frontal lobe until about age 11 in girls and 12 in boys. Another
MRI study by researchers at Harvard’s McLean Hospital focused
on how teens process emotions. The scans showed that young
teens used the amygdala to identify emotions in photos of
individuals shown to them, while older teens used the frontal
lobe of the brain.
Chapter 3
BIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR
The Big Idea:
The nervous system, the brain, the endocrine system, and
heredity shape human thoughts and behaviors.
Essential Questions:
What are the different parts of the brain, and how do they
work?
Objectives:
Describe the different parts of the brain and how they
work.
Today’s Agenda
1. Bipolar
2. Schizophrenia
3. Chapter 3, Section 2-start
To prepare for Class on Thursday, 4/26
• Read Ch 3, Sec 3
• Take notes using the handout on
inetteacher
Types of Mood Disorders
Bipolar Disorder
A cycle of mood changes from depression to wild elation
and back again
Period of mania, or extreme excitement characterized by
hyperactivity and chaotic behavior
Major
Depressive
Episode
Manic Episode
Mood Episodes
Mixed Episode
Hypomanic
Episode
Mania is….
A. A period of persistent and abnormally heightened, irritable, or expansive
mood lasting at least a week
B. Three or more of the following must be present & persistent:
Inflated self-esteem
Feels less of a need for sleep
More talkative than usual
Racing thoughts/flitting ideas
Easily distracted
Increase in psychomotor agitation or goal-directed activity
“excessive involvement in pleasurable activities that have a high potential for painful
consequences” (APA DSM-IV, pg. 362)
(APA DSM-IV)
Mania-cont.
C. “The symptoms do not meet the criteria for Mixed
Episode” (Manic Episode & Major Depressive Episode at
the same time)
D. The mood disturbance is severe enough
to affect one’s ability to function at work/school,
relationships with others, and usual social activities
OR to require hospitalization (harm to self or others)
E. The symptoms are not caused by a general medical
disorder or a substance
(APA DSM-IV)
Mixed Episode
 Manic Episode & Major Depressive Episode at the same time
 For at least a week
Hypomanic Epsiode
 Manic and Hypomanic have the same symptoms/criteria,
except in a Hypomanic Episode one is able to function at
work/school, in relationships with others, and usual social
activities
Bipolar I
Characterized by one or more of the Mood Episodes
The symptoms cause significant distress in one’s ability to
function at work/school, in social situations, or in other
important areas
The symptoms are not better classified as Schizophrenia,
Schizoaffective Disorders, Schizophreniform Disorder,
Delusional Disorder, or Psychotic Disorder Not Otherwise
Specified
(APA DSM-IV)
Bipolar I
Bipolar I Disorder, Single Manic Episode
Bipolar I Disorder, Most Recent Episode Hypomanic
Bipolar I Disorder, Most Recent Episode Manic
Bipolar I Disorder, Most Recent Episode Mixed
Bipolar I Disorder, Most Recent Episode Depressed
Bipolar I Disorder, Most Recent Episode Unspecified
(APA DSM-IV)
Bipolar II-Diagnostic Criteria
A. Characterized by having one or more Major
Depressive Episodes
B. History of at least one Hypomanic Episode
C. There has never been a Manic Episode
D. The symptoms cause significant distress in
one’s ability to function at work/school, in
social situations, or in other important areas
(APA DSM-IV)
Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is usually considered the most
serious psychological disorder and can be very
disabling.
Schizophrenia causes thought disruption and a
decreased ability to function normally.
Schizophrenia is characterized by a loss of contact
with reality.
The three types of schizophrenia are paranoid,
disorganized, and catatonic schizophrenia.
What is Schizophrenia?
Schizophrenia: characterized by loss of contact with reality.
Can be very disabling and can lead to the affected person’s inability to
function independently
First appears in young adulthood
Usually develops gradually, but can also appear suddenly
Most striking symptoms are:
Hallucinations
Delusions
Thought disorders
Other symptoms include social withdrawal, impaired social
skills, loss of normal emotional responses.
Occasionally, may go into a catatonic stupor: an immobile,
expressionless, comalike state.
Types of Schnizophrenia
Paranoid Schizophrenia
• Delusions or frequent auditory hallucinations that center on one
theme, often a theme of persecution
Disorganized Schizophrenia
• Incoherent in their thought and speech and disorganized in their
behavior; delusions and hallucinations are unconnected
• Emotionless or show inappropriate emotions
Catatonic Schizophrenia
• Activity may slow to a stupor and then suddenly switch to agitation
• May hold unusual, uncomfortable body positions for long periods of
time, even after their arms and legs swell and stiffen
Explaining Schizophrenia
Psychoanalytic Views
• Result of overwhelming of the ego by urges from the id
• Fantasies become confused with reality
Other Psychological Views
• A family environment in which a parent frequently expresses intense
emotions may spur the disorder, but does not cause It
Biological Views
• Studies try to link abnormal brain functioning and structure with specific
symptoms.
• Heredity, complications during pregnancy and birth, birth during winter,
excessive dopamine, loss of synapses in the brain were all shown to affect
rates of schizophrenia.
Multifactorial Model
• Biological and psychological factors may interact in development.
• The model suggests that even severely dysfunctional environmental
factors are not enough to lead to the disorder.
Psychology Video
Schizophrenia and Art
Ch 3, Sec 2: The Brain-Our
Control Center
The brain is composed of three major sections: the
hindbrain, the midbrain, and the forebrain.
The human brain has many parts that work
together to coordinate body movement, create
thought and emotions, and shape behaviors.
The cerebral cortex is the part of the brain that
controls thinking, memory, language, emotions,
complex motor functions, perceptions, and much
more.
Early Beliefs About the Brain
In ancient times, people did not attribute human
psychological processes such as thinking to the working
of the brain.
Instead, people widely believed that the body was
inhabited by souls or demons.
Ancient Egyptians believed that a little person dwelled
within the skull and regulated behavior.
Where did Aristotle believe the soul resided?
How might the love songs and poetry of past centuries
have been different had ancient peoples had a better
understanding of human psychological processes?
Today we recognize that the mind, or consciousness,
dwells within the brain.
Biology & Behavior Multimedia
Brain Function
Visual of the Major Structures
of the Brain
3-D Brain Anatomy
Works Cited
American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of
Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision. Washington, DC,
American Psychiatric Association, 2000.