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Chapter 5 Mental Health Ms. Meade Health 10 Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer Lyrics Rudolph, the red-nosed reindeer had a very shiny nose. And if you ever saw him, you would even say it glows. All of the other reindeer used to laugh and call him names. They never let poor Rudolph join in any reindeer games. Then one foggy Christmas Eve Santa came to say: "Rudolph with your nose so bright, won't you guide my sleigh tonight?" Then all the reindeer loved him as they shouted out with glee, Rudolph the red-nosed reindeer, you'll go down in history! Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer Lyrics Emotional Problems can be increased by peer or family pressures, and decreased or eliminated by the realization of one’s own value. Brainstorm ways you can come to realize your own worth. This should bring into full circle everything we’ve discussed so far; self-knowledge, understanding your values and personality, maintaining a high self-esteem, and managing emotions and stress. Mental and Emotional Problems We all have problems with emotions sometimes; most people are able to deal with them, but in some cases, they can be serious enough to interfere with daily life. This may leave the person feeling alone and ashamed. However, they can learn to overcome them and cope with professional help. Feeling a wide range of emotions is ok, they can be managed. To stop and think about what is causing the emotion is one way of managing strong emotions It is the way you deal with these emotions that can be good or bad for your health! Emotional Problem vs. Temporary Problem An emotional problem is patterns of thinking or behavior that cause a person significant emotional pain or prevent normal functioning. Consider the difference between temporary emotional pain and the pains that don’t go away. Stigma associated with mental health disorder. Mental Health vs. Mental Illness Drawing a line between mental health and mental illness is not always straight forward. Problems with emotions can range from mild temporary depression or anxiety to severe long term illness that affects a person’s sense of reality. When emotional problems interfere with daily life, that could be a sign of mental illness… Coping with Difficult Emotions Fear: normal, instinctive response to a dangerous situation; it triggers the stress response. It is instinctive to dangerous situations. It can encourage you to be careful. However, sometimes a thing you fear or are frightened by are not real or serious threats. For example, some people feel an unreasonable amount of fear speaking in public. This is called a phobia and can hold you back, preventing you from doing your best. Coping with Difficult Emotions Anxiety: an emotional state of high energy that triggers the stress response, is related to fear. Common symptoms: rapid heart rate and breathing, sweating, trembling and muscle tension Extreme anxiety can hurt performance, making you overwhelmed, causing you to freeze up Can be positive; heightened alertness means better performance Coping with Difficult Emotions Grief: the emotional response to a major loss, such as death of a loved one Sadness and depression are not the same thing Sadness is normal and temporary emotion Depression is a serious illness that interferes with daily life Sadness may lead to depression Coping with Difficult Emotions Anger: Dealing with anger involves recognizing the emotion, addressing the cause, and taking time to cool off. The increased level of hormones during your teen years causes you to become angry over small things. Learning to manage it can keep you from damaging relationships or leading to violence Identify the reason why you are angry before reacting; other issues may be the underlying cause of the anger besides what you are reacting to Everyone needs a chance to cool off first, relieve that stress, then deal with it Better outcome that way and you won’t make it worse. Coping with Difficult Emotions Guilt: normal feeling that arises from the conscience when a person acts against internal values Admit that you are wrong Learn to examine each situation realistically and acknowledge that you are not to blame Shame: a feeling of being inherently unworthy Means feeling bad about who you are as a person Guilt makes people want to correct their mistakes, shame makes them feel incapable of doing so Can be linked to serious mental problems such as depression and eating disorders. Mental and Emotional Disorders When emotional problems interfere with daily life, this may be a sign of mental illness. Mental Illness: disorders of thought, emotion, or behavior that causes distress and reduce a person’s ability to function. Mental Illness Can interfere with work, personal relationships, and even daily tasks such as bathing A problem severe enough to interfere with daily life means that the person needs professional health Mental health disorders are medical disorders; they do not have a character flaw, they have a medical disorder. The term mental illness can be misleading because many mental disorders stem from physical causes. People with severe depression have major differences in brain chemistry from nondepressed people Some people inherit a tendency towards depression or other mental illnesses Anxiety Disorders Last at least six months and can grow worse without treatment; they experience anxiety most or all of the time They worry about everything They have difficulty relaxing, concentrating on tasks, and sleeping May develop physical symptoms; headache, nausea, muscle aches, fatigue Anxiety Disorders Phobia: an extreme irrational fear of an object or situation Social Anxiety (phobia): extreme fear or anxiety in the presence of other people Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): an uncontrollable fixation on specific thoughts and behaviors. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): serious stress reaction in response to a terrifying event Panic Disorder: sudden, unexplained attacks of terror; pounding heart, shortness of breath, sweating and dizziness Mood Disorders Involves extremes of emotions; emotional highs and lows are so extreme that they interfere with day-to-day life. Depression: a persistent feeling of apathy, hopelessness, or despair (affects 1/10 people each year). Bipolar Disorder: manicdepressive disorder, involves extreme highs and lows of emotion, between depression and mania Other disorders Schizophrenia: (psychotic disorder), severe mental disorder that causes people to lose touch with reality, often have hallucinations Eating Disorders: extreme, unhealthy eating habits often related to an obsession with weight or appearance control Includes anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating Addiction: physical or psychological dependence on a particular substance, habit or behavior Depression Definition: A medical condition that leads to intense feelings of sadness or despair; these feelings don’t go away on their own, and are not necessarily related to a particular life event. http://abcnews.go.com/Video/playerIndex?id= 11632048 Depression Misconceptions Depression is just a feeling; you can snap out of it if you try hard enough. Only a few “crazy” people really get depressed. Depression only occurs when bad things happen. It’s easy to make yourself feel better. There’s nothing you can do to treat depression. Medicines like Prozac and Zoloft are “happy pills”. Only adults suffer from depression. Therapy’s just lying on a couch talking about your childhood. Antidepressants can help anybody with depression. There are no outward signs of depression. People dealing with depression never experience extreme highs. Depression continued Depression is more than occasionally feeling blue, sad, or down in the dumps, though. Depression is a strong mood involving sadness, discouragement, despair, or hopelessness that lasts for weeks, months, or even longer. It interferes with a person's ability to participate in normal activities. Depression affects a person's thoughts, outlook, and behavior as well as mood. In addition to a depressed mood, someone with depression also can feel tired, irritable, and notice changes in appetite. Sometimes, despite their true value, they can feel worthless and unlovable. Help with Depression Therapists and other professionals can help. In fact, about 80% of people who get help for their depression have a better quality of life — they feel better and enjoy themselves in a way that they weren't able to before. Treatment for depression can include talk therapy, medication, or a combination of both. Everyone can benefit from mood-boosting activities like exercise, yoga, dance, journaling, or art. It can also help to keep busy no matter how tired you feel. People who are depressed shouldn't wait and hope it will go away on its own because depression can be effectively treated. Friends or others need to step in if someone seems severely depressed and isn't getting help. When Depression is Severe People who are extremely depressed and who may be thinking about hurting themselves or about suicide need help as soon as possible. When depression is this severe, it is a very real medical emergency, and an adult must be notified. Most communities have suicide hotlines where people can get guidance and support in an emergency. Depression doesn't mean a person is "crazy." Depression (and the suffering that goes with it) is a real and recognized medical problem. Just as things can go wrong in all other organs of the body, things can go wrong in the most important organ of all: the brain. Luckily, most teens who get help for their depression go on to enjoy life and feel better about themselves. Teens and Suicide During an average day in the US about 12 young people aged 15 to 24 end their own lives; 10 are male, 2 are female. Far more attempt to kill themselves but fail. Many attempts are a way to show how much they are hurting; they don’t really want to die. Suicides can be prevented if we recognize the factors that put teens at risk and the warning sides of possible suicide Teens who suffer from depression may believe death is the only escape from problems In reality, things almost always improve with time. Suicide Risk Factors: Suffer symptoms of depression Substance abuse Other mental disorders A family history of mental illness or suicide Abuse or violence within the family Living in a home where guns are present. (Guns are involved in more than half of all suicides) Suicide Risk Factors (cont’d) Spending time in prison Witnessing the suicidal behavior of others Feeling alone or isolated Major life stresses, such as physical illness, the death of a loved one, divorce of parents, in combination with depression. Fact and Myths about Suicide “Only young people are at risk.” “They aren’t serious.” “There’s no way to stop them.” “It’d dangerous to talk about suicide with them.” Signs that May Warn of an Approaching Suicide Abrupt changes in personality Alcohol or drug abuse Changes in eating or sleeping habits Expressing feelings of depression, hopelessness or guilt Giving away valued possessions Inability to concentrate Loss of interest in favorite activities Loss of interest in schoolwork and declining grades References to “going away” Self-inflicted injuries Withdrawal from friends or family Preventing Suicide It is preventable; you could save a life! Recognize the warning signs FIGURE 5.9 Know how to intervene Talk honestly with the person, reassure them they aren’t alone Acknowledge their feelings without judgment Make them see there are other solutions Show you care; identify someone who can help This is a secret you should not keep; tell a trusted adult Make sure your friend gets help Take immediate action if necessary; call 911 Don’t leave a suicidal person alone Protect you own safety To Write Love On Her Arms http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LKYYPuj pFPw&feature=player_embedded Emotional Healing Therapy is completely private and confidential. Therapy: any activity or treatment that helps a person cope with a mental or emotional problem. Psychotherapy: a type of therapy in which a patient discusses problems with a trained therapist There are many types based on the patient’s needs Emotional Healing Behavior Therapy: therapy in which a therapist helps a person break an unhealthy pattern of behavior through a system of rewards and desensitization (a process of confronting and overcoming fears.) Used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, and phobias Drug therapy: use of meds to treat mental illnesses Teens seek help for a variety of reasons: Depression, anxiety, or just ordinary stress Eating disorders Learning or attention problems Painful events such as serious illness, death, divorce Substance abuse Everyday problems, like managing anger, coping with peer pressure, or improving self-confidence Asking for help when it is needed IS NOT weak, it means that you are willing to do what it takes to deal with your problems. Helping Others Listening and offering support to a friend may be enough to help them work through problems or tough emotions Some problems require the help of a trained professional; sometimes the untrained person can do more harm than good. A person who hopes to help may become Codependent, focused on the needs of others to the extent that the person’s own needs are neglected. A codependent prevents a troubled person from facing his problems, weakening him further Helping Others Cont’d Enabling: misguided helping because it allows the problem behavior to continue Without having to face consequences, troubled people have no reason to change Mental Health Professionals Psychiatrist: can provide medical and psychiatric evaluations, perform psychotherapy, and prescribe medications Psychologist: Perform psychological testing and evaluations, provide psychotherapy, and treat emotional and behavioral problems. Mental and Emotional Problems A person who shows any of the signs of mental illness should be encouraged to seek professional help. Improvements can and will happen!