Download Personality Disorders

Personality Disorders
Chapter 9
General Definition
• persistent, maladaptive
patterns of behavior
that are inconsistent with
the person’s culture
• pattern of behavior is:
– must be evident in two or
more of the following:
• leads to social and/or
occupational problems
or distress
•
•
•
•
cognitions
emotional responses
interpersonal functioning
impulse control
– inflexible
– pervasive
– longstanding
PD Clusters
• Cluster A
•
Flamboyant,
excessively dramatic,
emotional, or erratic
• Cluster B
•
Socially isolated and
odd/eccentric
• Cluster C
•
Anxious and fearful
Avoidant Personality Disorder
• pattern of social discomfort, fear of negative
evaluation, timidity
• tendency towards social isolation, although
desired to be liked
• very sensitive to criticism – therefore, avoids
contact with others
• Cluster C
Paranoid personality disorder
• inappropriate suspiciousness of others’
motives
• takes extraordinary precautions to avoid
being exploited or injured
• overly reactive to minor slights or insults
• may create self-fulfilling prophecy
• Cluster A
Histrionic Personality Disorder
• pattern of excessive
emotionality and
attention-seeking
behavior
• self-centered
• demanding
• vain
• dramatic
• constantly seeking
approval
• emotions are shallow
and easily aroused
• Cluster B
Schizoid Personality Disorder
• pattern of indifference to others
• diminished range of emotional experience and
expression
• prefer social isolation
• Cluster A
Antisocial Personality Disorder
• irresponsible behavior
beginning by
adolescence
– symptoms of Conduct
Disorder by age of 15
• disregard for and
violation of others’
rights
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irritable
impulsive
aggressive
reckless
irresponsible
• Cluster B
Obsessive-Compulsive
Disorder
• pattern of
perfectionism
inflexibility, orderliness,
and need for
mental/interpersonal
control
• set overly ambitious,
unobtainable standards
• preoccupied with details
and rules – often lose
sight of main point of
activity or project
Personality
• emotionally restricted
• excessively
conscientious
• moralistic
• judgmental
• intolerant of others’
emotionality and
imperfection
• Cluster C
Borderline Personality Disorder
• pattern of instability in mood and
interpersonal relationships
• intense relationships vacillating between
unrealistically positive and negative feelings
toward each other
• rapid mood changes
• identity disturbance (difficulty maintaining
sense of self)
• Cluster B
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
• peculiar patterns of behavior
– perceptual and cognitive disturbances
(e.g., bizarre fantasies)
• unusual speech
– vague or disjointed
• unusual, but not actively psychotic or out of
touch with reality
– e.g., constricted affect or silly and inappropriate
• Cluster A
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
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pattern of grandiosity
exaggerated sense of self-importance
preoccupation with own achievement
unable to empathize with others
• Cluster B
Dependent Personality Disorder
• pattern of submissive and clinging behavior
• anxious and helpless when alone – need others
for advice and support
– usually find one person to latch onto for support
• easily hurt by criticism
• Cluster C
Summary