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Transcript
Cell signaling The Endocrine System Cell communication Animals use two body systems for regulation Endocrine system of glands, secrete chemicals into blood chemicals travel to target tissue, which has receptor proteins slow, long-lasting response Nervous System of neurons. transmits “electrical” signal & releases neurotransmitters to target tissue. fast, short-lasting response Regulation by chemical messengers Neurotransmitters released by neurons. Hormones released by endocrine glands. function of hormones Why are hormones needed? Chemical messages from one body part to another communication coordinates whole body daily homeostasis & regulation of large scale changes solute levels in blood (glucose, Ca++, salts, etc.) metabolism growth development maturation reproduction Nervous & endocrine systems work together The endocrine and nervous systems overlap Neurosecretory cells: nerve cells specialized to release hormones (neurohormones) Found in the hypothalamus Some signal molecules act as both neurotransmitters and hormones epinephrine: you know about liver cells’ response to this hormones: break glycogen down into glucose nervous & endocrine work together Hypothalamus- Integrates nervous & endocrine Receives information (nervous) Regulates release of hormones from pituitary (endocrine) Pituitary- Master gland hypothalamus Endocrine System secretes a broad range of tropic hormones posterior pituitary anterior nervous & endocrine work together 2 lobes make up the pituitary gland Posterior pituitary Stores hormones produced by hypothalamus ADH, oxytocin Axons carrying neurohormones to p.p. nervous & endocrine work together Anterior pituitary Produces many different hormones Regulated by hypothalamus (releases both stimulating and inhibiting hormones) Neurosecretory cells (yellow) release hormones (pink) into capillaries Carried to anterior pituitary Tropic Hormones: target endocrine glands hypothalamus Thyroid thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) posterior pituitary anterior pituitary Adrenal gland antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Kidney tubules gonadotropic hormones: folliclestimulating hormone (FSH) & luteinizing hormone (LH) Muscles of uterus Liver Bone and muscle Testes Ovaries Mammary glands maintaining homeostasis hormone 1 gland Too High lowers body condition specific body condition raises body condition Too Low gland hormone 2 Negative Feedback Regulation of blood sugar Insulin body cells take up sugar from blood pancreas liver, muscle stores glycogen reduces appetite liver Too High Blood Sugar Level Too Low liver, muscles release glucose triggers hunger liver Glucagon pancreas regulating metabolism TRH = TSH-releasing hormone Hypothalamus produces TRH Anterior Pituitary releases TSH TSH = thyroid stimulating hormone Thyroid produces thyroxine hormones metabolism & development bone growth mental development metabolic use of energy blood pressure, heart rate muscle tone goiter Iodine deficiency causes thyroid to enlarge as it tries to produce T3 and T4 ✗ regulation of blood calcium Calcitonin kidney reabsorption of Ca++ Ca++ deposited in bones Thyroid Too High bones release Ca++ Blood Calcium Level Too Low kidney reabsorption of Ca++ Parathyroid Parathyroid Hormone Send me a SIGNAL if you have any questions! Robert Wadlow 1918-1940 8' 11" homeostasis Activity: conceptcalcitonin mapping PTH ligand receptor kinase G-protein insulin glucagon hypothalamus anterior pituitary posterior pituitary tropic hormone negative feedback auxins gibberellin receptor tyrosine kinase signal transduction amplification neurotransmitter hormone