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hypothalamus
pituitary gland
pineal gland
thyroid gland
parathyroid glands
thymus gland
adrenal glands
pancreatic islets
ovaries
testes
Figure 15.2 (1)
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Slide 1
HYPOTHALAMUS
PITUITARY GLAND
anterior lobe
posterior lobe
bone at base of
cranial cavity
Figure 15.2 (2)
Page 269
Slide 2
steroid hormone
diffuses into cell
diffuses into nucleus
receptor
gene
product
hormonereceptor
complex
Figure 15.3
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Slide 3
glucagon
glucagon receptor
cyclic AMP
ATP
cAMP activates
protein kinase A
Protein kinase A converts phosphorylase
kinase to active form and inhibits an
enzyme required for glucagon synthesis.
Figure 15.4
Page 271
Slide 4
cell bodies in
hypothalamus synthesize
ADH or oxytocin
cell body
axon
ADH, oxytocin move
down axons
capillaries
action potentials cause release of
hormones, which capillaries pick up
small vessels carry hormones to general circulation
Slide 5
posterior lobe of pituitary
oxytocin
ADH
kidney tubules
mammary
glands
smooth muscle in
wall of the uterus
Figure 15.5b
Page 273
Slide 6
cell bodies of secretory
neurons in hypothalamus
secrete releasing and
inhibiting hormones
capillary bed in base of
hypothalamus
capillary bed in anterior
pituitary
hormones secreted by anterior lobe
enter small blood vessels, then general
circulation
endocrine cells in anterior pituitary
lobe affected by releasing and
inhibiting hormones
Figure 15.6a
Page 273
Slide 7
STH
(GH)
anterior lobe of pituitary
growth-promoting
effects on most
cells
ACTH
PRL
TSH
FSH
both act
LH on:
adrenal
cortex
thyroid
gonads
mammary
glands
Figure 15.6b
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Slide 8
hypothalamus
STIMULUS:
blood level
of glucose
falls too low
CRH
adrenal
cortex
anterior pituitary
adrenal
medulla
ACTH
adrenal cortex
adrenal
gland
blood glucose level
rises; leads to
inhibition of cortisol
secretion
cortisol
1. Blood glucose uptake inhibited.
2. Proteins degraded in many
tissues. Free amino acids converted
to glucose.
kidney
3. Fats in adipose tissue degraded
to fatty acids, released to blood as
alternative energy sources.
glucose,
amino
acids, fatty
acids enter
blood
Figure 15.8
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Slide 9
thyroid cartilage (Adam’s apple)
blood vessel
thyroid gland
trachea (windpipe)
Figure 15.9a
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Slide 10
epiglottis
pharynx
thyroid gland
parathyroid glands
In-text figure
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Slide 11
Cell, especially
muscle, takes up
glucose and uses it
or converts it to
glycogen.
insulin
Beta cells of pancreas
release insulin into blood.
Stimulus:
Glucose is
absorbed
following a meal.
Blood glucose levels increase
to a set point; stimulus calling
for glucagon diminishes.
Liver converts glycogen
to glucose, stops
synthesizing glycogen.
Liver converts glucose
to glycogen, fats, proteins.
Blood glucose levels decline
to a set point; stimulus calling
for insulin diminishes.
Alpha cells of
pancreas release
glucagon into blood.
glucagon
Stimulus:
Cells use or store
glucose between
meals.
Figure 15.10
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Slide 12