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Nature of Energy • Energy is all around! – Sound – Light – Wind • You use energy when you: – Hit a softball – Lift your book – Compress a spring Nature of energy • Living organisms need energy for growth & movement • Energy is involved when – A bird flies – A bomb explodes – Rain falls – Electricity flows through a wire Nature of energy • What is energy that it can be involved in so many different activities? – Energy can be defined as the ability to do work – If an object or organism does work (exerts a force over a distance to move an object) the object or organism uses energy Nature of Energy • Direct connection between energy and work – Energy is measured in the same unit as work: Joules (J) • Objects gain energy because work is being done on them Forms of Energy • 5 main categories – Heat – Chemical – Electromagnetic – Nuclear – Mechanical Heat Energy • Internal motion of the atoms – Moving particles produce heat • Heat energy can be produced by friction • Heat energy causes changes in temp. and phase of any form of matter Chemical Energy • Required to bond atoms together • When bonds are broken, energy is released • Fuel and food are forms of stored chemical energy How do you use energy? Agenda for Thursday Nov 4th 1. Energy Notes 2. Movie Electromagnetic Energy • Power lines carry electromagnetic energy into your home in the form of electricity • Light is a form of electromagnetic energy – Each color (ROY G BIV) is a different amount of electromagnetic energy • X-rays, radio waves, and lasers Nuclear Energy • Nucleus of an atom is the source of nuclear energy • Fission (nucleus splits) – energy is released as heat and light • Fusion (nuclei joins) – energy is released Nuclear Energy • Sun’s energy is produced from a nuclear fusion reaction in which hydrogen nuclei fuse to form helium nuclei • Nuclear energy is the most concentrated form of energy Mechanical Energy • When work is done to an object, it acquires energy – Energy it acquires is known as mechanical energy • When you kick a football, you give mechanical energy to the football to make it move – Give energy to a Bowling ball, ball hits pin and they get energy Energy Conversion • Energy can be changed from one form to another – Changes in the form of energy are called energy conversions • All energy forms can be converted to other forms – Sun through solar cells to electricity – Plants take sun energy to sugars (electromagnetic to chemical) States of Energy • Most common energy conversion is between potential and kinetic energy • All forms of energy can be in either of 2 states – Potential – Kinetic Kinetic Energy • Kinetic Energy – energy of motion – Depends on mass and velocity – Faster an object moves, more kinetic energy it has – Greater the mass, more kinetic energy it has • KE – 1/2mv2 • What has a greater affect of kinetic energy, mass or velocity? Why? Potential Energy • Potential energy – stored energy – Fuel, nucleus, food – Stored because of the work done on it: • • • • Stretching a rubber band Winding a watch Pulling back on a bow’s arrow Lifting a brick high in the air • Energy that is stored due to being stretched or compressed is elastic potential energy Gravitational Potential Energy • Potential energy that is dependent on height – Waterfall – Suspension Bridge – Falling snowflake • GPE = weight x height Or • GPE = mgh Gravitational Potential Energy • If you stand on a 3 meter diving board, you have 3 times the GPE than you had on a 1 meter diving board Kinetic - Potential Energy Conversions • Roller Coaster – Mechanical energy brings them to the top – This gives them great potential energy – Conversion between potential to kinetic energy powers cars through the entire ride • At the point of max PE, the car has minimum KE Kinetic - Potential Energy Conversions • As a baseball player throws the ball into the air, various energy conversions take place Law of Conservation of Energy • Energy cannot be created or destroyed – It can only be converted from one form to another • 1905, Albert Einstein said mass and energy can be converted into each other – Matter is destroyed, energy is created and vice versa – E = mc2 What does the law of conservation of energy state? Agenda for Friday Nov 5th 1. Quiz 2. Finish Videos 3. KE/GPE Problem set Which has more gravitational potential energy: a ball on a 5 m cliff or a ball on a 10 m cliff? Agenda for Monday Nov 8th 1. Review GPE and KE 2. Lab 3. Problems on GE/KE What is the equation for GE and KE? Agenda 1. Go over labs 2. KE/GE problems