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Chapter 4 Energy What is energy? Def: ability to cause _________________ Every change involves _______________________ Different Forms _________________________ _______________________ – stored in food, involved in reactions _______________________– gives off _______________________ – heat Same thing just different forms Kinetic Energy Def: energy of a __________________ object Depends on _________________ and _________________ Kinetic energy (Joules) = 1 mass (kg) x [speed (m/s)]2 2 KE = 1 mv2 2 SI unit for energy is ______________________ Practice! What is the kinetic energy of a .15 kg baseball moving at 40 m/s. A car moving at a speed of 20 m/s has a kinetic energy of 300,000 J. What is the car’s mass? Potential Energy Even ______________________ objects have energy _____________________ in the object, has potential to change Def: ________________ energy Elastic Potential Energy Def: ___________________ energy by something that can _________________ or compress Stretched rubber band – elastic potential energy _________________ energy Chemical Potential Energy Def: energy stored in _____________________ bonds Food, gasoline, etc. Gravitational Potential Energy Def: stored energy by objects due to position ___________________ earth (able to fall) Practice! Find the height of a .15 kg baseball that has a GPE of 73.5 J. Find the GPE of a .3 kg coffee mug on a 1-m high counter. What could you do to change GPE? Change _______________ or __________ Section 2 Conservation of Energy Changing Forms of Energy Changing electrical energy –> electricity –> light and heat energy Energy is ______________________ changing forms Transforming Chemical Energy Cars – ______________________ energy transformations Spark plug – ____________________ – engine wheels Transforming Chemical Energy _________________ plants – take in _____________________ and transform to chemical energy in plants Mechanical Energy Def: total amount of ________________ and ______________________ energy Mechanical Energy = Potential + Kinetic Falling Objects As potential kinetic, __________________ energy stays same Potential _________ = kinetic _____________ Projectile Motion Mechanical energy remains _________________ Still see _________________________ of energy Swinging Best part is falling from highest point High GPE = Low KE Describe transition… Law of Conservation of Energy Def: ___________________ can not be created or destroyed Energy just changes _________________ All energy in the ________________________ does not change Energy in = Energy out Is energy always conserved? Swinging – you eventually will stop – where does all the energy go? ____________________ – air resistance = thermal energy Human Body – Energy Relations What forms of energy are in your body? Conservation of energy still true Food, fat = __________________ energy Activity = ___________________ energy Calorie 1C = 4,184 J Chapter 6 Section 1 Temperature and Heat Matter in Motion ______________________ is made of tiny particles in _______________________ motion have kinetic energy Faster = ________________ kinetic energy Temperature Def: measure of ________________ kinetic energy of particles High Temp. = ______________ Energy Low Temp. = _______________ Energy Unit Kelvin Thermal Energy _____________________ between air and butter particles increase energy of butter = ____________________ temperature Def: ________________ of kinetic and potential energy of particles in object Thermal Energy As temp ___________________ = thermal energy increases If object has MORE __________________ and at the same temp. has HIGHER thermal energy Heat Is your seat toasty? Def: ________________ energy that flows from something at a _________________ temp to a lower temp Unit: Joule Beachin’ it up! How can there be extreme differences in temperature from air, _______________ and water? Sun rays are the same why different temp? Sand heats up ______ times faster than water Specific Heat Specific Heat: heat needed to raise ___________ of material by 1C Water as a Coolant It’s _______________ specific heat – absorb a lot of heat ________________ changing temp much ______________ bonds have to be broken before particles move really fast