Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
http://colleges.ksu.edu.sa/med/index.php ?mod=view_content&content_id=870 We welcome you to the Anatomy Department at KKUH. We are genuinely delighted to have you join us. During the 1st & 2nd year studentship, you will only get a small glimpse into the world of Anatomy. Nevertheless, through this experience, we expect that you will acquire fundamental skills, reinforce and expand your knowledge, and develop personally and professionally. We hope that this experience drives you to learn more and experience more of what Anatomy has to offer. We wish you the most exciting, stimulating, rewarding, and transforming experience over the upcoming period of time. The Chairman Dr. Musaed Alfayez Ph.D. Glasgow UK MBBS PhD Japan Assistant Professor What is anatomy? Anatomy is the study of the structure of the body with relation to each other. Derived from the Greek to cut up: the Latin 'to cut up' gives us dissect. Subdivisions Under the general heading of anatomy are several subdivisions. Embryology examines development of adult structure from fertilised ovum Cytology deals with the structure of individual cells Histology deals with aggregations of cells, tissues, or aggregations of tissues, organs Neuroanatomy deals with the elaborate brain & connections of nerve cells Gross anatomy deals with those structures that can be seen without a microscope. Approaches to Studying Anatomy 1-Regional Anatomy Head, Neck, and Trunk (Thorax, abdomen, back & pelvic/perineum) Paired Upper & Lower Limbs 2-Systemic Anatomy 3- Surface Anatomy 4-Clinical Anatomy It is appropriate that the subject (human or animal) be studied in the standard anatomical position. This standard position is referred as: This is typically a posture similar to that seen during life. The anatomical position is defined as: the body is considered as standing erect, feet together and toes pointed forward, arms at the sides and palms facing forward The various parts of the body are described in relation to certain imaginary planes these are. MEDIAN (or midsagittal) separates body into two equal Right and Left parts SAGITTAL any plane parallel to the median plane HORIZONTAL or Transverse separates the body into Superior and Inferior parts FRONTAL (or coronal) separates the body into Anterior and Posterior parts Terms of Position Cranial/rostral Caudal Ventral Dorsal Anterior Posterior Superior Inferior Proximal Distal Medial Lateral Superficial Intermediate Deep Internal External Supine Prone Ipsilateral Contralateral Bilateral = head end = tail end = toward front = toward back = front of the body = back of the body = situated above another structure = situated below another structure = toward the origin of a structure = away from the origin of a structure = toward the middle (median plane) = away from medial = towards the surface = between the two structures = away from the surface = Toward the center of an organ or cavity = Away from the center of an organ or cavity = the body is lying on the back = the body is lying face downward = Same side of the body = opposite side of the body = both sides of the body Terms of Movement flexion extension increasing angle with frontal plane decreasing angle with frontal plane abduction adduction moving away from or toward the sagittal plane protraction retraction moving forward or backward along a surface elevation depression raising or lowering a structure medial rotation lateral rotation movement around an axis of a bone pronation supination placing palm backward or forward (in anatomical position) circumduction combined movements of flexion, extension, abduction, adduction medial and lateral rotation circumscribe a cone opposition reposition bringing tips of fingers and thumb together as in picking something up Opposite of above movement Terms of Movement flexion of the entire foot Dorsiflexion - flexion of the entire foot superiorly, or upwards as when decelerating in an automibile. Plantar flexion - Flexion of the entire foot inferiorly, or downwards as when accelerating in an automobile. movement of the sole of the foot Eversion - the movement of the sole of the foot away from the median plane. Inversion - the movement of the sole towards the median plane (same as when an ankle is twisted). Body Cavities Ventral Cavity occupied by the abdominal and perineal a. Thoracic Cavity b. Abdominopelvic Cavity i. Abdominal ii. Pelvic Dorsal Cavity occupied by the brain and spinal cord a. Cranial Cavity b. Spinal Cavity