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TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
Anatomy:
Study of form and structure of all organisms.
Literally means “to cut apart”
Gross (macroscopic) anatomy:
Study of the form and relations (relative positions) of the
structures of the body that can be seen with unaided eyes.
Microscopic anatomy/ histology: Study of tissues and
cells .That can be seen only with the aid of some\
equipments.
Comparative Anatomy:
Study of the structures of various species of animals, with
particular emphasis on those characteristics that aid in
classification.
Applied Anatomy:
study of specific part of animal for practical
application in the field.
Systematic anatomy:
Approach to the study of anatomy by systems.
Physiology:
Study of the integrated functions of the body and
the functions of all its parts (System,
organs,tissues, cells and organelles), including
biophysical and biochemical processes.
Systematic anatomy
Planes in body
Median Plane:
An imaginary line dividing body into equal right and left
halves.
Sagittal plane:
Any plane parallel to the median plane.
Transverse plane:
Line that divide body into cranial and caudal parts
(right angle to median plane)
Horizontal plane: line that divide body into
dorsal and ventral segments (right angles to median and
transverse plaves)
Positional terms
Dorsal: means towards or beyond the backbone.
Ventral: means away from the backbone
Cranial: means towards the head.
Caudal: means towards the tail
Rostral: means towards the nose.
Medial: means towards the median plane.
Lateral: means away from median plane
Proximal: means relatively close to a given part,
usually the vertebral column, body or CoG.

Distal: means relatively away from the
backbone.
Deep/internal: means near to the centre of
an anatomical structure.
 External/superficial: means towards the
surface of the body .
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