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Medical Terminology List 3 Chapter 2 Organization of the Body Cells • Basic functional unit of the body Tissue • Groups of cells • Working together • To perform a specialize function Organ • Composed to 2 or more different types of tissue • Specific function • Usually recognizable shape System • Related organs • Common function Organism • Collection of body systems • Make up the most complex level of life Body Systems -11 • Circulatory System • Lymphatic (immune) system • Digestive system • Endocrine system • Reproductive system • Muscular system • • • • • Skeletal system Nervous system Respiratory system Integumentary system Urinary system Acronym for 11 body systems • MURDERS LINC Muscular Urinary Reproductive Digestive Endocrine Respiratory Skeletal Lymphatic Integumentary Nervous Circulatory Circulatory System • Contains – Heart, Arteries; Veins; Capillaries; Blood; Spleen • Function – to deliver oxygenated blood to the body Lymphatic (Immune) System • Contains – Lymph nodes, white blood cells • Function – to remove infectious diseases and other pathogens from the human body Digestive System • Contains – Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach, Pancreas, Liver, Gallbladder, Intestines • Function – To convert food particles into simpler, molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream and used by the body Endocrine System • Contains: Glands – – – – – – – – hypothalamus pituitary gland thyroid parathyroid adrenal glands pancreas testes ovaries Endocrine System • Function – to control growth, development, metabolism and reproduction through the production and secretion of hormones Reproductive System • Contains – Female: Ovaries, uterus, vagina – Male: Testis, penis, prostate • Function – Allows for the continuation of the human species Muscular System • Contains – Muscles • Function – works with the skeletal and nervous system to produce movement Skeletal System • Contains – Bones – Femur, humerus, radius and ulna, cranium, fibula and tibia, vertebrae, pelvic bone, phalanges • Function – to provide structure and support to the body Nervous System • Contains – Brain, spinal cord, nerves • Function – to coordinate the body’s response to changes in its internal and external environment Respiratory System • Contains – Nose, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, alveoli, lungs, diaphragm • Function – to provide the body with a oxygen and remove carbon dioxide Integumentary System • Contains – Skin • Function – protection to the underlying layers – body temperature regulation – nerves that respond to temperature, touch, pressure, and pain Urinary System • Contains – Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra • Function – Remove waste products from the body – Keep fluid and electrolyte levels normal Body Cavities • • • • • • Cranial Thoracic Abdominal Pelvic Spinal Pleura Cranial Cavity • Location – Surrounded by the skull, in the head • Contains – Brain, meninges Thoracic Cavity • Location – Chest area – Surrounded by the ribs • Contains – Lung, heart, trachea Abdominal Cavity • Location – Below the thoracic cavity and above the pelvic cavity • Contains – Digestive organs – Stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, intestines kidney Pelvic Cavity • Location – Below the abdominal cavity, – Surrounded by the pelvis • Contains – Reproductive organs, urinary bladder, rectum Spinal Cavity • Location – Space surrounded by the spinal column • Contains – Spinal cord Pleura Cavity • Location – Pleura surrounds the lungs – Cavity is the space between the pleura and the lungs • Contains – Pleural fluid Diaphragm • Location – The muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity • Contains – Muscle that aids in respiration Mediastinum • Location – Large space between the lungs • Contains – Heart, esophagus, trachea, bronchi What cavity is it? Body Planes • How to cut the body into pieces! Sagittal • AKA: – Lateral • Vertically divides the body right half and left half. • Midsagittal – Divides the body through the midline Transverse • AKA – Axial • Horizontally divides the body into superior and inferior portions Coronal • AKA – Frontal • Divides the body front to back • Into anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) portions. Coronal Directions • Movements of the body! Adduction • Movement towards the midline of the body Abduction • Movement away from the midline of the body Superior • AKA – Cephalic – Cranial • Above or higher; toward the head Inferior • AKA – Caudal • Below or lower, toward the tail Anterior • AKA – Ventral • Front of the body, toward the front Posterior • AKA – Dorsal • Back of the body; toward the back Medial • Pertaining to the middle; toward the midline Lateral • Pertaining to the side; toward the side External • Outside, exterior to Internal • Within, interior to Superficial • Toward or on the surface Deep • Away from the surface Proximal • Near the point of attachment to the trunk or a structure Distal • Farther from the point of attachment to the trunk or a structure Parietal • Pertaining to the outer wall of a cavity Visceral • Pertaining to the organs within a cavity