Download Medical Terminology - Porterville College

Medical Terminology
List 3
Chapter 2
Organization of the Body
Cells
• Basic functional unit of
the body
Tissue
• Groups of cells
• Working together
• To perform a specialize
function
Organ
• Composed to 2 or more
different types of tissue
• Specific function
• Usually recognizable
shape
System
• Related organs
• Common function
Organism
• Collection of body
systems
• Make up the most
complex level of life
Body Systems -11
• Circulatory System
• Lymphatic (immune)
system
• Digestive system
• Endocrine system
• Reproductive system
• Muscular system
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•
•
•
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Skeletal system
Nervous system
Respiratory system
Integumentary system
Urinary system
Acronym for 11 body systems
• MURDERS LINC
Muscular
Urinary
Reproductive
Digestive
Endocrine
Respiratory
Skeletal
Lymphatic
Integumentary
Nervous
Circulatory
Circulatory System
• Contains
– Heart, Arteries; Veins; Capillaries; Blood; Spleen
• Function
– to deliver oxygenated blood to the body
Lymphatic (Immune) System
• Contains
– Lymph nodes, white blood cells
• Function
– to remove infectious diseases and other
pathogens from the human body
Digestive System
• Contains
– Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach, Pancreas, Liver,
Gallbladder, Intestines
• Function
– To convert food particles into simpler, molecules
that can be absorbed into the bloodstream and
used by the body
Endocrine System
• Contains: Glands
–
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–
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–
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hypothalamus
pituitary gland
thyroid
parathyroid
adrenal glands
pancreas
testes
ovaries
Endocrine System
• Function
– to control growth, development, metabolism and
reproduction through the production and
secretion of hormones
Reproductive System
• Contains
– Female: Ovaries, uterus, vagina
– Male: Testis, penis, prostate
• Function
– Allows for the continuation of the human species
Muscular System
• Contains
– Muscles
• Function
– works with the skeletal and nervous system to
produce movement
Skeletal System
• Contains
– Bones
– Femur, humerus, radius and ulna, cranium, fibula
and tibia, vertebrae, pelvic bone, phalanges
• Function
– to provide structure and support to the body
Nervous System
• Contains
– Brain, spinal cord, nerves
• Function
– to coordinate the body’s response to changes in
its internal and external environment
Respiratory System
• Contains
– Nose, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, alveoli,
lungs, diaphragm
• Function
– to provide the body with a oxygen and remove
carbon dioxide
Integumentary System
• Contains
– Skin
• Function
– protection to the underlying layers
– body temperature regulation
– nerves that respond to temperature, touch,
pressure, and pain
Urinary System
• Contains
– Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
• Function
– Remove waste products from the body
– Keep fluid and electrolyte levels normal
Body Cavities
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•
•
•
•
•
Cranial
Thoracic
Abdominal
Pelvic
Spinal
Pleura
Cranial Cavity
• Location
– Surrounded by the skull, in the head
• Contains
– Brain, meninges
Thoracic Cavity
• Location
– Chest area
– Surrounded by the ribs
• Contains
– Lung, heart, trachea
Abdominal Cavity
• Location
– Below the thoracic
cavity and above the
pelvic cavity
• Contains
– Digestive organs
– Stomach, liver,
gallbladder, spleen,
pancreas, intestines
kidney
Pelvic Cavity
• Location
– Below the abdominal
cavity,
– Surrounded by the
pelvis
• Contains
– Reproductive organs,
urinary bladder,
rectum
Spinal Cavity
• Location
– Space surrounded by
the spinal column
• Contains
– Spinal cord
Pleura Cavity
• Location
– Pleura surrounds the
lungs
– Cavity is the space
between the pleura
and the lungs
• Contains
– Pleural fluid
Diaphragm
• Location
– The muscle that
separates the thoracic
cavity from the
abdominal cavity
• Contains
– Muscle that aids in
respiration
Mediastinum
• Location
– Large space between
the lungs
• Contains
– Heart, esophagus,
trachea, bronchi
What cavity is it?
Body Planes
• How to cut the body
into pieces!
Sagittal
• AKA:
– Lateral
• Vertically divides the body
right half and left half.
• Midsagittal
– Divides the body through the
midline
Transverse
• AKA
– Axial
• Horizontally divides the
body into superior and
inferior portions
Coronal
• AKA
– Frontal
• Divides the body front
to back
• Into anterior (ventral)
and posterior (dorsal)
portions.
Coronal
Directions
• Movements of the
body!
Adduction
• Movement towards the
midline of the body
Abduction
• Movement away from
the midline of the body
Superior
• AKA
– Cephalic
– Cranial
• Above or higher;
toward the head
Inferior
• AKA
– Caudal
• Below or lower, toward
the tail
Anterior
• AKA
– Ventral
• Front of the body,
toward the front
Posterior
• AKA
– Dorsal
• Back of the body;
toward the back
Medial
• Pertaining to the
middle; toward the
midline
Lateral
• Pertaining to the side;
toward the side
External
• Outside, exterior to
Internal
• Within, interior to
Superficial
• Toward or on the
surface
Deep
• Away from the surface
Proximal
• Near the point of
attachment to the trunk
or a structure
Distal
• Farther from the point
of attachment to the
trunk or a structure
Parietal
• Pertaining to the outer
wall of a cavity
Visceral
• Pertaining to the organs
within a cavity