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Introduction to the Human Body Anatomy & Physiology Class Mrs. Leisher WHAT IS ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY? Anatomy: study of the structure, shape, and locations of body parts Physiology: study of the function of body parts Principle of Complementarity of Structure & Function - This principle states that function reflects structure Can you think of an example? ANATOMICAL POSITION Assumed position of body – standing face-front, feet flat on floor facing forward with palms facing forward Systems of the Body 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Integumentary Skeletal Muscular Nervous Endocrine 6. Cardiovascular 7. Lymphatic/immune 8. Respiratory 9. Digestive 10. Urinary 11. Reproductive (Male and female) IN CLASS ASSIGNMENT: For each system: – Write 1 sentence that describe the responsibilities of that system. Then list 2 organs/components of that system. – Work on your sentence NOT being just copied from the book. Sufficient, but concise!!! – Drawing (literal/symolic) DIRECTIONAL TERMS Superior/inferior Anterior/posterior Medial/lateral Proximal/distal Superficial/deep ANTERIOR REGIONAL TERMS abdominal axillary brachial carpal cervical digital femoral fibular patellar sternal thoracic POSTERIOR REGIONAL TERMS cephalic deltoid gluteal lumbar occipital Popliteal scapular vertebral Maintaining homeostasis is essential for life. – Homeostasis: keeping internal conditions relatively stable – Know examples HOW IS THIS PICTURE A VISUAL REPRESENTATION OF HOMEOSTASIS? The body regulates homeostasis by communicating within itself, constantly regulating the balance in the body. the nervous or endocrine system maintain homeostasis Feedback Systems A cycle of events in which the status of a body condition is monitored, evaluated, changed, remonitored, reevaluated, and so. A disruption that changes a controlled condition (eg temp, blood glucose levels) is called a stimulus Feedback systems cont. 3 components – Receptor: a body structure that monitors changes; sends message. EX: nerve endings in finger tips sense temp. change – Control center: sets the range of values within which a controlled condition should be maintained, evaluates the input it receives from receptors, and generates output commands when they are needed. EX: the brain – Effector: a body structure that receives output from the control center and produces a response that changes the controlled condition. EX: body temp. drops sharply, your brain (control center) sends nerve impulses (output) to your skeletal muscles (effectors). Results in shivering to generate heat to raise your body temp. BIG PICTURE HOMEOSTASIS IS REGULATED BY FEEDBACK SYSTEMS!!!!! Checkpoints #1-5,7 and review figure 1.2 (p.9) for Chapter 1 _____ disrupts homeostasis Disruption monitored by ___________ which send a message ______ _____: receives message and provides output ______ bring about a change or response that alters the controlled condition Flowchart of a feedback system Negative Feedback Systems Reverses a change in a controlled condition. – EX blood pressure returning to normal after increasing. Positive Feedback Systems Strengthens or reinforces a change in one of the body’s controlled conditions – EX. Normal childbirth Negative feedback sys. Positive feedback sys. Reverses a change In controlled condition Chemical and electrical messengers tops as ontrolled ondition Returns To normal Negative feedback sys. Regulate more common conditions Have receptors Control center effectors Start with stimulus End with response Reinforces a change In a Controlled condition Positive feedback sys. Shut off by outs event Reinforce evens That don’t Happen Very often