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The Outer Planets Also called the Jovian planets or gas giants. Similarities Mainly composed of gas Somewhere at the center is a core of liquid metals. The outer planets all have numerous moons & rings All of the outer planets’ atmospheres contain hydrogen and helium All the planets except Mercury & Venus have moons Mars’ 2 Moons • Phobos Deimos Galilean Moons of Jupiter • Seen by Galileo with his telescope. Jupiter • Mass = 300x Earth’s mass. • Jupiter has the most moons – 63+ • Jupiter is one of the brightest objects in the sky • Has a very stormy atmosphere. – One major storm, the Great Red Spot, is as big as the Earth. “Io” – the most volcanically active body in the solar sytstem • It is being pulled apart by Jupiter’s gravity. Saturn • Has distinctive, large rings. – Although all of the outer planets have rings, Saturn’s are the most visible ones. • Has the lowest density of any planet in our solar system Uranus • It is the only planet to rotate on its side like a bowling ball – Scientists are unsure why it rotates that way, Uranus Neptune Neptune • Neptune’s winds are the fastest of any planets in the Solar System – Can reach more than 1,200 mph. • Neptune and Uranus contain ices of water, ammonia, and methane. • The methane in Neptune and Uranus is what gives the planets their blue color. Pluto The 3 criteria to be a full-sized planet are: 1- It is in orbit around the Sun. 2- It has sufficient mass to assume hydrostatic equilibrium (a nearly round shape). 3- It has "cleared the neighborhood" around its orbit.