Trans-Neptunian Objects as Natural Probes to the Unknown Solar System
... dynamically and chemically evolved protoplanetary disk composed of billions of planetesimals, the building blocks from which the planets formed during the early solar system. Consequently, the study of the physical and dynamical properties of TNOs can reveal important clues about the properties of t ...
... dynamically and chemically evolved protoplanetary disk composed of billions of planetesimals, the building blocks from which the planets formed during the early solar system. Consequently, the study of the physical and dynamical properties of TNOs can reveal important clues about the properties of t ...
On the Migratory Behavior of Planetary Systems The Harvard
... underwent a period of upheaval, during which giant planets “migrated” from where they formed. This thesis addresses a question key to understanding how planetary systems evolve: is planetary migration typically a smooth, disk-driven process or a violent process involving strong multi-body gravitatio ...
... underwent a period of upheaval, during which giant planets “migrated” from where they formed. This thesis addresses a question key to understanding how planetary systems evolve: is planetary migration typically a smooth, disk-driven process or a violent process involving strong multi-body gravitatio ...
Pluto, Charon & the Plutons
... Another unusual object out there that has some similar properties to Pluto and Charon is 1992 QB1, discovered in 1992 (!) by David Jewitt and Jane Luu. It has a diameter of about 200 km, was found 41 AU from Sun, and is reddish colour - which, like Pluto, indicates the existence of frozen methane o ...
... Another unusual object out there that has some similar properties to Pluto and Charon is 1992 QB1, discovered in 1992 (!) by David Jewitt and Jane Luu. It has a diameter of about 200 km, was found 41 AU from Sun, and is reddish colour - which, like Pluto, indicates the existence of frozen methane o ...
Triton`s Evolution with a Primordial Neptunian Satellite System
... of Triton’s survival after 10 Myr is ~40%. The typical collision timescale is less than ~Myr, and in most scenarios Triton experiences at least one impact. Different sets of initial conditions have different probabilities for Triton’s loss (either by escaping the system or falling onto Neptune). For ...
... of Triton’s survival after 10 Myr is ~40%. The typical collision timescale is less than ~Myr, and in most scenarios Triton experiences at least one impact. Different sets of initial conditions have different probabilities for Triton’s loss (either by escaping the system or falling onto Neptune). For ...
Resonant Origins for Pluto`s High Inclination
... Jupiter would either be directed inward towards Jupiter or outwards with insufficient force to escape. Jupiter, on the other hand, was capable of scattering planetesimals outward with enough force to prevent their return. As a result, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune preferentially scattered inward while ...
... Jupiter would either be directed inward towards Jupiter or outwards with insufficient force to escape. Jupiter, on the other hand, was capable of scattering planetesimals outward with enough force to prevent their return. As a result, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune preferentially scattered inward while ...
The Dynamical Structure of the Kuiper Belt and Its Primordial Origin
... belt, which we define here as the collection of nonresonant objects with 42 < a < 48 AU and q > 37 AU. The median eccentricity of the classical belt is ~0.07. It should be noted, however, that the upper eccentricity boundary of this population is set by the long-term orbital stability of the Kuiper ...
... belt, which we define here as the collection of nonresonant objects with 42 < a < 48 AU and q > 37 AU. The median eccentricity of the classical belt is ~0.07. It should be noted, however, that the upper eccentricity boundary of this population is set by the long-term orbital stability of the Kuiper ...
The scattered disk population as a source of Oort cloud comets
... (Levison and Morbidelli, 2003). Such an extended scattered disk could be or could not be related to the scattered disk (whose bodies have q < 38 AU and are thus subject to Neptune’s gravitational perturbations), but this point is not relevant for our study. Nevertheless, as a matter of completeness, ...
... (Levison and Morbidelli, 2003). Such an extended scattered disk could be or could not be related to the scattered disk (whose bodies have q < 38 AU and are thus subject to Neptune’s gravitational perturbations), but this point is not relevant for our study. Nevertheless, as a matter of completeness, ...
Origin of the Structure of the Kuiper Belt during a Dynamical
... disk. In this scenario, the planetesimal disk, which was initially dynamically cold, extended to at least ∼ 50 AU. Neptune migrated on a nearly-circular, low-inclination orbit, from an unconstrained initial location (estimates ranging from 18 AU — Gomes 2003 — to 23 AU — Malhotra 1995) up to its cur ...
... disk. In this scenario, the planetesimal disk, which was initially dynamically cold, extended to at least ∼ 50 AU. Neptune migrated on a nearly-circular, low-inclination orbit, from an unconstrained initial location (estimates ranging from 18 AU — Gomes 2003 — to 23 AU — Malhotra 1995) up to its cur ...
Icarus Origin of the structure of the Kuiper belt during a... orbits of Uranus and Neptune
... which was initially dynamically cold, extended to at least ∼50 AU. Neptune migrated on a nearly-circular, low-inclination orbit, from an unconstrained initial location (estimates ranging from 18 AU— Gomes, 2003—to 23 AU—Malhotra, 1995) up to its current orbital radius of 30 AU. According to the abov ...
... which was initially dynamically cold, extended to at least ∼50 AU. Neptune migrated on a nearly-circular, low-inclination orbit, from an unconstrained initial location (estimates ranging from 18 AU— Gomes, 2003—to 23 AU—Malhotra, 1995) up to its current orbital radius of 30 AU. According to the abov ...
Early Dynamical Evolution of the Solar System: Pinning Down the
... K is an adjustable migration frequency. In our simulations, we keep K the same for all planets, ensuring always convergent migration. In accord with Lee & Peale (2002), a Bulirsch-Stoer integration method (Press et al. 1992) was used. In contrast with the full hydrodynamical simulations, this method ...
... K is an adjustable migration frequency. In our simulations, we keep K the same for all planets, ensuring always convergent migration. In accord with Lee & Peale (2002), a Bulirsch-Stoer integration method (Press et al. 1992) was used. In contrast with the full hydrodynamical simulations, this method ...
Uranus
... wavelengths corresponding to the color red. Thus, the reflected wavelengths are those of blue and green. Beneath this outer methane layer, the atmosphere is composed of roughly 83% hydrogen (H 2) and 15% helium with trace amounts of methane and acetylene. This composition is similar to that of the o ...
... wavelengths corresponding to the color red. Thus, the reflected wavelengths are those of blue and green. Beneath this outer methane layer, the atmosphere is composed of roughly 83% hydrogen (H 2) and 15% helium with trace amounts of methane and acetylene. This composition is similar to that of the o ...
Observing Uranus and its satellites (2006
... In particular in the Uranus images of 2015 and 2016 the Northern hemisphere is brighter than the Southern hemisphere. In addition a distinct banding pattern is present with a darkening of the North polar region and two darker bands in the Northern temperate and tropical zone. Subsequently, in the di ...
... In particular in the Uranus images of 2015 and 2016 the Northern hemisphere is brighter than the Southern hemisphere. In addition a distinct banding pattern is present with a darkening of the North polar region and two darker bands in the Northern temperate and tropical zone. Subsequently, in the di ...
Full Paper - PDF - Armagh Observatory
... the most of his opportunity to speak out: “The Lowell result confirms the possible high eccentricity announced by us on April 5. Among the possibilities are a large asteroid greatly disturbed in its orbit by close approach to a major planet such as Jupiter, or it may be one of many long-period plane ...
... the most of his opportunity to speak out: “The Lowell result confirms the possible high eccentricity announced by us on April 5. Among the possibilities are a large asteroid greatly disturbed in its orbit by close approach to a major planet such as Jupiter, or it may be one of many long-period plane ...
Pluto
... orbit January 21, 1979, made its closest approach September 5, 1989, and remained within the orbit of Neptune until February 11, 1999. This will not occur again until September 2226. Moreover, as Pluto approaches perihelion, it reaches its maximum distance from the ecliptic due to its 17.14º orbital ...
... orbit January 21, 1979, made its closest approach September 5, 1989, and remained within the orbit of Neptune until February 11, 1999. This will not occur again until September 2226. Moreover, as Pluto approaches perihelion, it reaches its maximum distance from the ecliptic due to its 17.14º orbital ...
Neptune Trojans as a Testbed for Planet Formation
... Trojans promises to test theories of planet formation by coagulation. Neptune Trojans resembling the prototype 2001 QR322 (“QR”)—whose radius of ∼100 km is comparable to that of the largest Jupiter Trojan—may outnumber their Jovian counterparts by a factor of ∼10. We develop and test three theories ...
... Trojans promises to test theories of planet formation by coagulation. Neptune Trojans resembling the prototype 2001 QR322 (“QR”)—whose radius of ∼100 km is comparable to that of the largest Jupiter Trojan—may outnumber their Jovian counterparts by a factor of ∼10. We develop and test three theories ...
Uranus Fun Facts
... mass of the Earth, but the gravity on Uranus is only 91% of the ___________________________ on Earth. This is because it is such a large planet (and the gravitational force a planet exerts upon an object at the planet's surface is proportional to its mass and to the inverse of its radius squared). A ...
... mass of the Earth, but the gravity on Uranus is only 91% of the ___________________________ on Earth. This is because it is such a large planet (and the gravitational force a planet exerts upon an object at the planet's surface is proportional to its mass and to the inverse of its radius squared). A ...
Formation of the Kuiper Belt by Long Time
... sweeping mechanism. She introduced an artificial ‘drag’ force on the planet to drive its smooth radial migration. As Neptune migrated outwards, its MMRs swept through the original KB and many small objects were captured and locked in these resonances (primarily the 3:2 and 2:1 resonances). Malhotra’ ...
... sweeping mechanism. She introduced an artificial ‘drag’ force on the planet to drive its smooth radial migration. As Neptune migrated outwards, its MMRs swept through the original KB and many small objects were captured and locked in these resonances (primarily the 3:2 and 2:1 resonances). Malhotra’ ...
Uranus - Our Lady of Consolation National School
... Uranus The giant planets have diameters greater than 48000kg. The giant planets are sometimes also referred to as gas giants. Uranus has been visited by only one spacecraft, Voyager 2 on Jan 24 1986. Uranus is a giant gas planet which is made up of mostly rock and various ices. Uranus spins differe ...
... Uranus The giant planets have diameters greater than 48000kg. The giant planets are sometimes also referred to as gas giants. Uranus has been visited by only one spacecraft, Voyager 2 on Jan 24 1986. Uranus is a giant gas planet which is made up of mostly rock and various ices. Uranus spins differe ...
Uranus There are no cars on the planet Uranus. Yet Uranus is
... Uranus looks like it is spinning lying down. All planets spin. They spin around an imaginary line called an axis. The line goes from the north pole to the south pole. It goes from the top to the bottom of a planet. Most planets are tilted a bit. Earth is tilted as it spins around its axis. But Uranu ...
... Uranus looks like it is spinning lying down. All planets spin. They spin around an imaginary line called an axis. The line goes from the north pole to the south pole. It goes from the top to the bottom of a planet. Most planets are tilted a bit. Earth is tilted as it spins around its axis. But Uranu ...
Jovian Rings
... • Weather (“Atmospheric Dynamics”) • Driven by energy flows • Thermal from interior Residual heat from formation Ongoing contraction • Gravity (highs to lows) • Solar radiation • Rapid rotation + Coriolis leads to twisting motions • Magnetic fields • Result from • Liquid metallic interiors • Rotatio ...
... • Weather (“Atmospheric Dynamics”) • Driven by energy flows • Thermal from interior Residual heat from formation Ongoing contraction • Gravity (highs to lows) • Solar radiation • Rapid rotation + Coriolis leads to twisting motions • Magnetic fields • Result from • Liquid metallic interiors • Rotatio ...
Document
... • Weather (“Atmospheric Dynamics”) • Driven by energy flows • Thermal from interior Residual heat from formation Ongoing contraction • Gravity (highs to lows) • Solar radiation • Rapid rotation + Coriolis leads to twisting motions • Magnetic fields • Result from • Liquid metallic interiors • Rotatio ...
... • Weather (“Atmospheric Dynamics”) • Driven by energy flows • Thermal from interior Residual heat from formation Ongoing contraction • Gravity (highs to lows) • Solar radiation • Rapid rotation + Coriolis leads to twisting motions • Magnetic fields • Result from • Liquid metallic interiors • Rotatio ...
a survey for ``normal`` irregular satellites around neptune: limits to
... is unlikely to have been effective at Uranus and Neptune because these planets have little gas. Pull-down capture likewise is unlikely because the ice giants had no runaway growth in mass caused by hydrodynamic inflow of nebular H and He. Instead, the preferred capture mechanism is through collision ...
... is unlikely to have been effective at Uranus and Neptune because these planets have little gas. Pull-down capture likewise is unlikely because the ice giants had no runaway growth in mass caused by hydrodynamic inflow of nebular H and He. Instead, the preferred capture mechanism is through collision ...
A SURVEY FOR ``NORMAL`` IRREGULAR SATELLITES AROUND
... is unlikely to have been effective at Uranus and Neptune because these planets have little gas. Pull-down capture likewise is unlikely because the ice giants had no runaway growth in mass caused by hydrodynamic inflow of nebular H and He. Instead, the preferred capture mechanism is through collision ...
... is unlikely to have been effective at Uranus and Neptune because these planets have little gas. Pull-down capture likewise is unlikely because the ice giants had no runaway growth in mass caused by hydrodynamic inflow of nebular H and He. Instead, the preferred capture mechanism is through collision ...
Today in Astronomy 111: the Kuiper Belt and the Oort Cloud
... There were many such calculations over the years, with results that varied widely. Eventually (on 18 February U 1930), Tombaugh found X Pluto, near the position N S predicted in one of these calculations. • This calculation, along with most of the others he followed up through the years, was ser ...
... There were many such calculations over the years, with results that varied widely. Eventually (on 18 February U 1930), Tombaugh found X Pluto, near the position N S predicted in one of these calculations. • This calculation, along with most of the others he followed up through the years, was ser ...
Neptune
Neptune is the eighth and farthest planet from the Sun in the Solar System. It is the fourth-largest planet by diameter and the third-largest by mass. Among the giant planets in the Solar System, Neptune is the most dense. Neptune is 17 times the mass of Earth and is slightly more massive than its near-twin Uranus, which is 15 times the mass of Earth, and not as dense as Neptune. Neptune orbits the Sun at an average distance of 30.1 astronomical units (4.50×109 km). Named after the Roman god of the sea, its astronomical symbol is ♆, a stylised version of the god Neptune's trident.Neptune is not visible to the unaided eye and is the only planet found by mathematical prediction rather than by empirical observation. Unexpected changes in the orbit of Uranus led Alexis Bouvard to deduce that its orbit was subject to gravitational perturbation by an unknown planet. Neptune was subsequently observed with a telescope on 23 September 1846 by Johann Galle within a degree of the position predicted by Urbain Le Verrier. Its largest moon, Triton, was discovered shortly thereafter, though none of the planet's remaining 13 moons were located telescopically until the 20th century. The planet's distance from Earth gives it a very small apparent size, making it challenging to study with Earth-based telescopes. Neptune was visited by Voyager 2, when it flew by the planet on 25 August 1989. The advent of Hubble Space Telescope and large ground-based telescopes with adaptive optics has allowed for more-detailed observations.Neptune is similar in composition to Uranus, and both have compositions that differ from those of the larger gas giants, Jupiter and Saturn. Neptune's atmosphere, like Jupiter's and Saturn's, is composed primarily of hydrogen and helium, along with traces of hydrocarbons and possibly nitrogen; it contains a higher proportion of ""ices"" such as water, ammonia, and methane. Scientists sometimes categorise Uranus and Neptune as ""ice giants"" to emphasise this distinction. The interior of Neptune, like that of Uranus, is primarily composed of ices and rock. Traces of methane in the outermost regions in part account for the planet's blue appearance.In contrast to the hazy, relatively featureless atmosphere of Uranus, Neptune's atmosphere has active and visible weather patterns. For example, at the time of the 1989 Voyager 2 flyby, the planet's southern hemisphere had a Great Dark Spot comparable to the Great Red Spot on Jupiter. These weather patterns are driven by the strongest sustained winds of any planet in the Solar System, with recorded wind speeds as high as 2,100 kilometres per hour (580 m/s; 1,300 mph). Because of its great distance from the Sun, Neptune's outer atmosphere is one of the coldest places in the Solar System, with temperatures at its cloud tops approaching 55 K (−218 °C). Temperatures at the planet's centre are approximately 5,400 K (5,100 °C). Neptune has a faint and fragmented ring system (labelled ""arcs""), which may have been detected during the 1960s but was indisputably confirmed only in 1989 by Voyager 2.